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MOTION

MOTION. EQ: How is motion described and measured?. POSTION. Position is the location of an object. Motion. Motion is the change of an objects position. slow. fast. forward. up. down. Side to side. Frame of Reference.

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MOTION

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  1. MOTION EQ: How is motion described and measured?

  2. POSTION • Position is the location of an object.

  3. Motion • Motion is the change of an objects position. slow fast forward up down Side to side

  4. Frame of Reference • By looking at the still shore, we use something called our frame of reference to determine that the boats have moved. Compared to the shore, the boats have moved. Frame of reference is similar to your point of view. You can change your frame of reference by changing your position.

  5. Speed • Distance ÷ time = speed. • You travel 225 km in 3 hours. • 225km ÷ 3 = 75 km/hr • Speed measures an objects change in position during a unit of time. The unit of time can be in hours, seconds, minutes, and so on.

  6. Forces & Motion EQ: What are forces, and how do they affect motion?

  7. Terms to Know Velocity– the measure of speed and direction of motion of an object Acceleration – change in the speed or direction of an object’s motion Force – A pull or push of any kind Inertia – The property of matter that keeps an object at rest or keeps it moving in a straight line

  8. Velocity • EX: Distance ÷ time = speed. • You travel 225 km in 3 hours. • 225km ÷ 3 = 75 km/hr • 75 km/hrN • Velocity occurs when you tell both the speed and direction of an object. • You can use words like right, up, left, down, or north, south, east, or west to describe the direction part.

  9. Changing Velocity • EX: Riding your bicycle in a circle is acceleration. • Why? • Acceleration, is the change of an objects speed or direction. • Acceleration is a change in velocity because as your direction changes your velocity changes

  10. Forces & Acceleration • EX: a golf ball is still until a golfer takes their club and hits it. It will begin to move in one direction until a force moves it again. • What force can move it? • Force is all kinds of pushes and pulls. • Forces are measured in a unit called newton (N) • Any change of speed or direction requires a force • forces cause acceleration

  11. Force Affecting Acceleration • There are a few things about force that will affect acceleration. They are: • Forces working together • Forces working against each other • Size of a force

  12. Forces Working Together • Click for example • The more force on an object the more it will accelerate. • When forces push or pull in the same direction, it will add up. • If you double the force on an object, what will happen? • What will happen if the same force moves different size objects?

  13. Sledding Example • The athletes also use force, as well as momentum and inertia, which you will learn more about later in this slide. • The athletes that you saw push the sled cause it to accelerate. • The more athletes there are using force, the greater the acceleration will be.

  14. Force Working Against Each Other • Two forces that work against each other, but are the same size, and work in opposite directions cancel each other out. • If a force cancels the other out, it’s balanced. • Example: During a game of tug of war if each side has the same amount of people, that are about the same size, and have the same strength the force will be balanced.

  15. Size of a Force • A small force results in a gentle acceleration. • Ex: If you tap the same ball with your finger, it may roll a little. • A large force results in large acceleration. • Ex: If you kick a ball hard it will take off.

  16. Mass and Acceleration • Acceleration of an object depends on its mass, which is a body of matter. • It takes more force to accelerate a large mass than to accelerate a small matter. • This is because all matter has inertia, which the property of matter that keeps it moving in a straight line and keeps unmoving matter at rest. • The more mass an object has, the more inertia an object has, the harder it is to change its motions • Click for further explanation

  17. Momentum • Momentum is a property of motion that describes how hard it is to slow down or stop an object. • You can find momentum by using this formula: • mass x velocity =momentum • Ex: A car is much harder to slow down or stop than a bike because it’s momentum is greater than the bike

  18. Gravity & Motion EQ:How does gravity affect motion?

  19. Terms to Know Gravity – The force of attraction between Earth and other objects Gravitation – A force that acts between any two objects and pulls them together Weight – A measure of gravitational force acting on an object Friction – A force that resists motion between objects that are touching.

  20. Natural Forces • These are the forces used on a daily basis: • Muscles • Magnets • Electric charge

  21. Gravity • Gravity is another force, which pulls things toward Earth. • Gravitation, on the other hand, is a force that acts between all masses and causes them to attract one another. • Gravitation can be stronger for objects that have more mass. Gravity is what cause the apple in this picture to fall from the tree. It is being pulled toward the earth. Click here for more information on GRAVITY

  22. Weight • Your weight is the gravitational force acting on it. • Weight shouldn’t be confused with mass. Weight can change based on your location and is measured on a scale, but your mass will always be the same, and is measured on a balance.

  23. Friction • Friction is the type of force that resists the motion of objects , relative to each other, when the objects are touching. Bill Nye: Friction

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