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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function. http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html. Cell Theory. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division. . Definition of Cell.

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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.

  3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. A cell is the basic unit of life.

  4. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic- primitive, disorganized Eukaryotic- organized, complicated

  6. Prokaryotic • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  7. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  8. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  9. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  10. Cell Parts Organelles

  11. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer • Phospho-lipid bi-layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  12. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells • Made of cellulose http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  13. Nucleus • Controls cell activities- brain of the cell • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

  14. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus (RNA) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  15. Chromosomes • Found in nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics (blueprint) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  16. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  17. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  18. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  20. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  21. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  22. Lysosome • Breaks down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports and breaksdown undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  23. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  24. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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