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ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. ATOMS HAVE THREE PARTS. PROTONS – ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS NEUTRONS – ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS ELECTRONS – FLY OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS IN THE ELECTRON CLOUD. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES. PROTONS HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE (+) ELECTRONS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE (-)

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ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

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  1. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

  2. ATOMS HAVE THREE PARTS • PROTONS – ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS • NEUTRONS – ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS • ELECTRONS – FLY OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS IN THE ELECTRON CLOUD.

  3. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES • PROTONS HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE (+) • ELECTRONS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE (-) NORMALLY THEY BALANCE OUT THE ATOM BECAUSE THE NUMBER OF PROTRONS EQUALS THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS.

  4. IONS • WHEN AN ATOM BECOMES CHARGED. IF THE ATOM LOSES A PROTON IT BECOMES NEGATIVELY CHARGED. IF THE ATOM LOSES AN ELECTRON IT BECOMES POSITIVELY CHARGED.

  5. MOVING ELECTRONS • ELECTRONS CAN MOVE FROM ATOM TO ATOM AND FROM OBJECT TO OBJECT.

  6. STATIC CHARGE • IF YOU RUB A BALLOON ON YOUR HAIR ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM YOUR HAIR TO THE BALLOON. • THIS CAUSES YOUR HAIR TO HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE. • THIS CAUSES THE BALLOON TO HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE. • THIS CAUSES AN ATTRACTION BETWEEN THEM.

  7. ELECTRIC FORCE • CHARGED OBJECTS EXERT IT ON EACH OTHER. • IT CAN BE ATTRACTIVE OR REPULSIVE.

  8. ELECTRIC FIELD • WHEN CHARGED OBJECTS EXERT A FORCE ON EACH OTHER AT A DISTANCE. • THE FIELD GETS STRONGER AS YOU GET CLOSER TO A CHARGE.

  9. INSULATOR • A MATERIAL IN WHICH ELECTRONS CANNOT MOVE EASILY THROUGH. • EXAMPLES ARE : PLASTIC, WOOD, GLASS, AND RUBBER

  10. CONDUCTOR • MATERIALS IN WHICH ELECTRONS MOVE EASILY. • EXAMPLES ARE: METAL SUCH AS COPPER , GOLD, AND ALUMINUM.

  11. INDUCED CHARGE • WHEN ELECTRONS ARE MOVED FROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER. • EXAMPLE 1: WHEN YOU WALK ACROSS A CARPET YOUR SHOES MAY RUB ELECTRONS OFF THE CARPET. THE ELECTRONS SPREAD OUT OVER YOUR SKIN. • EXAMPLE 2: IF YOU RUB A BALLOON AGAINST YOUR HAIR, ELECTRONS FROM YOUR HAIR WILL MOVE TO THE BALLOON.

  12. ELECTRIC DISCHARGE • THE RAPID MOVEMENT OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER. • EXAMPLE 1: WHEN YOU GET A SHOCK ON YOUR HAND AFTER WALKING ACROSS CARPET. • EXAMPLE 2: LIGHTNING

  13. GROUNDING • PROVIDING A PATHWAY FOR EXCESS CHARGES TO BE ABSORBED BY THE EARTH. • EXAMPLE: LIGHTNING RODS

  14. ELECTRIC CURRENT • THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CHARGE. • IT IS MEASURED IN AMPERES (AMPS).

  15. CIRCUIT • A CLOSED CONDUCTION LOOP WHICH ALLOWS ELECTRIC CHARGES TO FLOW CONTINUOUSLY. • IT INCLUDES AT LEAST 3 PARTS: -ELECTRIC ENERGY SOURCE (BATTERY) -ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR (WIRE) -SOMETHING TO USE THE ENERGY (LIGHT) kimberleyparkss.eq.edu.auSeries circuit & diagram

  16. VOLTAGE • HOW MUCH ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY IS GAINED. • AS VOLTAGE INCREASES MORE POTENTIAL ENERGY IS AVAILABLE TO BE TRANSFORMED INTO OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY. • IT IS MEASURED IN VOLTS (V)

  17. BATTERIES • CHEMICAL ENERGY CHANGES TO ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY. • ELECTRONS MOVE FROM THE NEGATIVE TERMINAL TOWARDS THE POSITIVE TERMINAL. • WHEN THE CHEMICALS IN THE BATTERY STOP REACTING WITH EACH OTHER THE BATTERY IS DEAD.

  18. RESISTANCE • THE MEASURE OF HOW DIFFICULT IT IS FOR ELECTRONS TO FLOW THROUGH A MATERIAL • AS THE ELECTRONS FLOW THROUGH THE CIRCUIT THEY COLLIDE WITH ATOMS AND OTHER CHARGES. • THE COLLISIONS CAUSE SOME ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO BE CONVERTED TO THERMAL ENERGY AND SOME TO LIGHT ENERGY.

  19. OHM’S LAW VOLTAGE (IN VOLTS)= CURRENT (IN AMPERES) X RESISTANCE (IN OHMS) WHEN VOLTAGE IN A CIRCUIT INCREASES, THE CURRENT INCREASES. WHEN RESISTENCE IS INCREASED THE CURRENT DECREASES.

  20. SERIES CIRCUIT • HAS ONLY ONE PATH FOR THE CIRCUIT TO FOLLOW. • IF THE PATH IS BROKEN THEN THE CURRENT WILL NO LONGER FLOW.

  21. PARALLEL CIRCUIT • HAS MORE THAN ONE PATH FOR THE ELECTRIC CURRENT TO FLOW. • IF ONE PATH IS BROKEN THE CURRENT WILL FLOW THROUGH OTHER PATHS.

  22. FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS • WHEN MORE DEVICES ARE ADDED TO A CIRCUIT, THE CURRENT INCREASES WHICH INCREASES THE HEAT IN THE WIRES.

  23. WHEN THE CURRENT BECOMES TOO GREAT A PIECE OF METAL IN THE FUSE MELTS. OR • A SWITCH ON THE BREAKER TURNS OFF. • THIS STOPS THE CURRENT

  24. ELECTRIC POWER POWER (IN WATTS) = CURRENT (IN AMPERES) x VOLTAGE (IN VOLTS)

  25. QUESTIONS???

  26. QUESTIONS???

  27. kimberleyparkss.eq.edu.auSeries circuit & diagram

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