HIV/AIDS VACCINE AWARENESS Vaccine 101 Jeremiah Brewer Health and Training Educator

1. HIV/AIDS VACCINE AWARENESS Vaccine 101 Jeremiah Brewer Health and Training Educator African – Americans Reach and Teach Health Ministry

2. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry • The Goal of this presentation is to teach you how to... • Share the 6 Key Messages about HIV Vaccine Trials • Create Awareness about HIV Vaccine Trials • Share Resources about HIV Vaccine Trials • Share the great Hope and the need for a vaccine effective against HIV

3. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Definitions HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus The virus that causes AIDS. Destroys the body’s immune system – after a while the body can’t fight infections. AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome The late stage of HIV disease

4. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry HIV has no boundaries African Americans and Latinos/Latinas Especially women, youth and men who have sex with men (gay and non-gay identified) Men who have sex with men Especially those under 25 years old of all races Injection Drug Users (IDU’s) and female partners of IDU’s Especially those under 25 years old of all races

5. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Approaches to prevention Drug abuse treatment (e.g. methadone) Condoms, clean syringes Topical microbicides Treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases Education and behavior modification What’s missing?

6. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry What’s Missing? Preventive HIV Vaccines

7. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Key Message # 1 The best long term hope for controlling the AIDS pandemic is the development of safe, effective and affordable preventive HIV vaccines.

8. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry What is a Vaccine? Vaccine \vak-’sen\ Substance that teaches the body’s immune sytem to recognize and protect against a disease caused by an infectious agent or virus

9. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry By teaching the body to recognize and fight invaders through mimicking a natural infection. How does a Vaccine work? This is Denzel Washington You need something that looks like the real thing! This is not Denzel Washington

10. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Key Message # 2 Currently, there is no HIV vaccine

11. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Vaccine Research in perspective How long does it take to develop a vaccine?

12. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Vaccine Research in perspective Vaccine discovery of cause vaccine developed years elapsed Pertussis 1906 1926 20 Polio 1908 1955 47 Measles 1953 1983 30 Hepatitis A 1973 1995 22 Hepatitis B 1965 1981 16 HIV 1983 ???? As of 2006, 23 years and counting!

13. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Key Message # 4 HIV vaccine research is part of a comprehensive approach to control the AIDS pandemic that includes, prevention, care and treatment strategies

14. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Individual Benefit An individual gains a certain level of protection from a pathogen (a disease causing agent) Public Health Benefit Herd immunity: A community gains a certain level of protection from a pathogen if enough individuals within the community are vaccinated Potential benefit of vaccine

15. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Key Message # 3 Individuals who volunteer for an HIV preventive vaccine trial must be HIV negative.

16. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Who participates in a trial? Healthy, HIV negative adults between 18 and 50 who can understand the potential risks and benefits of participation. Racial and ethnic minorities are under represented in clinical trials in the United States

17. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Key Message # 5 HIV vaccines being tested in humans do not contain HIV; therefore the vaccines cannot cause HIV infection

18. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Community Advisory Boards Participants Bill of Rights and Responsibilities (adopted by HVTN in 2001) Institutional Review Boards Data Safety and Monitoring Boards Office of Human Research Protection U.S. Food & Safety Administration (FDA) Ethical considerations in HIV preventive vaccine research Research Safety

19. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry How does the study work? Some people get a shot of the study vaccine. Others get a fake (placebo) that looks like the vaccine to the volunteer and to the staff If it works, the immune system of the volunteers that received the vaccine believes it has been infected by the virus and produces a protective response. We fool the body!

20. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Is the vaccine safe? All HIV vaccines being tested in humans are synthetic replicas of virus pieces from different HIV strains that do not contain any live or attenuated (weak) virus and therefore are incapable of producing disease.

21. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Is the vaccine safe? “it’s a lot like chicken nuggets…there is no real chicken in the nugget. It just looks like chicken.” Jen Satche San Francisco Dept. of Public Health The vaccine just looks like the virus to the volunteers immune system.

22. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Is the vaccine safe? Vaccines being used in human trials cannot cause HIV infection or AIDS. “Informed consent”, which explains the risks and everything involved with trial participation, is required from all volunteers/participants Over 25,000 people have participated in HIV vaccine trials and there have been no significant safety concerns that could not be resolved quickly

23. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Possible Vaccine outcomes Scientist believe that an effective preventive vaccine, given before exposure to HIV, could have a number of possible outcomes, including: Preventing infection in all people Preventing infection in most people Preventing disease Delaying disease including the development of AIDS

24. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Key Message # 6 There is something that everyone can do to help HIV vaccine research succeed

25. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry You can help Educate yourself and others about the need for an HIV vaccine Let others know you support HIVvaccine research Support vaccine trial volunteers and/or volunteer yourself Dispel myths Reach out to communities most affected by HIV to build understanding and support Help promote vaccine research as a key part of vaccine Volunteer yourself

26. African-American Reach and Teach Health Ministry Resources www.niaid.nih.gov/dids/vaccine/ HIV Vaccine Trials Network at www.hvtn.org Contact AARTH Ministry at www.aarthministry@yahoo.com if you wish to receive on site training or have questions about participating in HIV vaccine research and clinical trials