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Joints (Articulations) & Movements

Joints (Articulations) & Movements. Classification of Joints. Fibrous = bones bound together by connective tissue fibers (immovable) Ex: sutures of the skull Cartilaginous = bones connected by cartilage (hyaline) (slightly movable) Ex: pubic symphysis , vertebrae (w/cartilage discs)

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Joints (Articulations) & Movements

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  1. Joints (Articulations)& Movements

  2. Classification of Joints • Fibrous = bones bound together by connective tissue fibers (immovable) • Ex: sutures of the skull • Cartilaginous = bones connected by cartilage (hyaline) (slightly movable) • Ex: pubic symphysis, vertebrae (w/cartilage discs) • Synovial = bone ends are separate but connected by a joint cavity (freely movable) • Ex: shoulder (scapula & humerus), knee (femur & tibia)

  3. Articular Cartilage • Hyaline cartilage, covers the ends of bones • Reduces friction and helps absorb shock

  4. Joint Cavity • Filled w/synovial fluid (gets its name because it is a viscous fluid like the fluid in an uncooked egg white;ov = egg) • Reduces friction and provides nutrients

  5. Articular Capsule • Fibrous C.T. • Like a “sleeve” that encloses the joint cavity and connects articulating bones

  6. Synovial Membrane • Areolar C.T. w/elastic fibers • Inner lining of the articularcapsule

  7. Reinforcing Ligaments • Usually outside articular capsule • Connect bones at joint Video: Ligaments of the knee

  8. Bursae • Fluid-filled saclike structures located between the bone and ligaments/tendons • Reduce friction in some joints (ex: shoulder/knee) Bursitis = inflammation of bursae or synovial membrane

  9. BALL AND SOCKET JOINT • Ball-like surface of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of another bone • Allow movement in many directions • Only examples in human body are shoulder and hip joints

  10. HINGE JOINT • Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone • Permits flexion and extension only

  11. SADDLE JOINT • The articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the saddle like a rider sitting on a horse • Found in the thumb joint

  12. CONDYLOID JOINT • Condyloid means knucklelike; an oval-shaped joint • Reduced ball & socket joint that allows up-and-down and side-to-side movements

  13. PIVOT JOINT • Allows rotation along a longitudinal axis • *Found between atlas and axis (C1 and C2 of vertebral column)

  14. PLANAR JOINT • Bones move on a flat or slightly curved surface • Allow side-to-side and back-and-forth gliding movements

  15. MOVEMENTSGet to it! • Types of Movements at JOINTS: main angular movements (angular = increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones)

  16. Movement Terminology flexion vs. extension (& hyperextension) abduction vs. adduction rotation circumduction pronation vs. supination inversion vs. eversion dorsiflexion vs. plantarflexion

  17. Movement Terminology Go to this website for an interactive review of movements with examples!

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