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Chapter 11 : Endocrine System

Chapter 11 : Endocrine System. Endocrine System: What is it?. system of glands , each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems. ES and Homeostasis. Homeostasis. STIMULUS. Hypothalamus

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Chapter 11 : Endocrine System

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  1. Chapter 11 : Endocrine System

  2. Endocrine System: What is it? • system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body • Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems

  3. ES and Homeostasis • Homeostasis

  4. STIMULUS Hypothalamus Releasing Hormone (Release-Inhibiting Hormone) Pituitary Stimulating Hormone Gland Hormone Target

  5. Basic Structure of Feedback Loop • Environmental Stimulus • Stimulates Control Center (Brain-hypothal.) • Hypothalamic hormones stim. Pituitary • Pituitary hormone stim. Target area • Target area produces change • Change acts negatively or positively on the cycle.

  6. A. Positive Feedback • Not common • Classic example: Action of OXYTOCIN on uterine muscle during birth.

  7. Positive Feedback • Baby pushes on cervix • Nervous signal to Hypothalamus • Hypothal. manufactures OXY • OXY transported to POSTERIOR PITUITARY & released • OXY stimulates uterine contraction • Loop stops when baby leaves birth canal

  8. Negative Feedback: Thyroid

  9. IV. Specific Endocrine Events • Thyroid Hormone • Growth Hormone • Adrenal Cortex Hormones • Sex Steroids

  10. Endocrine System: Team Players • The Pituitary Gland • Thyroid Gland • Parathyroid Glands • Adrenal Glands • Pancreas • Thymus • Pineal Gland • Gonads

  11. Anterior Secretions: TSH ACTH FSH LH ISCH LTH GH/ STH MSH Pituitary gland: a small gland located on a stalk hanging from the base of the brain “The Master Gland” Primary function is to control other glands. Produces many hormones. Secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus in the base of the brain. Pituitary/ Hypophysis • Posterior Secretions: • ADH • Oxytocin

  12. Secretions: T3: metabolism regulation T4: metabolism regulation Calcitonin: promotes absorption of calcium from blood and bones Thyroid Gland: butterfly shaped, left and right halves fused by an isthumus. On either side of the larynx “The Weight Gland” Controls metabolism, iodine uptake, blood calcium levels Thyroid Gland

  13. Cortex Secretions (Steriods): Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Androgens Adrenal Glands: Located cranial to the kidney. Each gland has 2 parts: cortex and medulla “The Reaction Gland” Regulates electrolytes, metabolism, sexual functions, injury response Adrenal Glands • Medulla Secretions: • Epinephrine • Noreeprinep-hrine

  14. Endocrine Secretions: Insulin Glucagon Pancreas: aggregation of cells located near the proximal duodenum “The Sugar Regulation Gland” (Endocrine FXN) secretion of blood-glucose regulation Pancreas

  15. Testes Testosterone 2ndary sex characteristics Ovary Secretions: Stimulated by hCG which is secreted by placenta Estrogen 2ndary sex characteristics Progesterone Maintains preg Gonads: gamete production

  16. Common Procedures • Assays: tests amount of hormone present • Thyroid Stimulation Test: blood analysis of thyroid levels • ACTH Stimulation Test: blood analysis of cortisol levels in the blood

  17. Common Ailments • Acromegaly: enlargement of extremities due to over active growth • Cushing’s Disease/ Hyperandrenocorticism: excessive adrenal cortex production resulting in increased urination, drinking, and distribution of body fat • Diabetes Mellitus: metabolic disorder, of inadequate secretion of insulin

  18. Activities • For Each Endocrine player • List the secretions and what each secretion performs in the body • Define an Endocrine Disease include • Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment, and Definition • Outline a Positive and Negative Feedback reaction in the body (can use the pregnancy example, but not the Thyroid example) • Design a Flow chart for the reactions you described

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