EPIDIOMOLGY OF HIV IN NIGERIA

1. EPIDIOMOLGY OF HIV IN NIGERIA by Dr Ibrahim M Kida

2. HIV EPID SUBSAHARAN AFRICA • Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the hardest-hit area in the world. • Only 10% of the world’s population lives in sub-Saharan Africa, • But 68% of the world’s HIV-infected, 76% of all AIDS deaths in 2007 occurred in that region. • Of the 33 million individuals infected worldwide, 22.5 million are living in sub-Saharan Africa alone. • More than one half of the 2.5 million new infections that occurred in 2007 were in sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Cont. • All countries in Africa have an HIV seroprevalence rate greater than 5%, with some as high as 25%. • In contrast with the developed world, where HIV-infected men outnumber infected women, • the majority (61%) of HIV infections in Africa occur in women—an expression of the often highly unequal socioeconomic statuses of women and men in most of the region. • Three quarters of all women living with HIV in the world are in sub-Saharan Africa; with a total of 13.2 million, women comprise approximately 61% of infected adults in this region.

4. Cont. • AIDS continues to be the single largest cause of mortality in Africa. • The HIV/AIDS epidemic has reversed trends toward longer life expectancy throughout much of Africa. • For example, until the mid-1980s, life expectancy in Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia, and Zimbabwe was increasing; however, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a profound effect in the reduction of life expectancy by approximately 13 years in many of these areas. • Although somewhat mixed, access to treatment has increased considerably in some sub-Saharan African countries,

5. Cont. • the beneficial effects of such increases are starting to be translated into declining numbers of AIDS cases and HIV/AIDS-related deaths. • Botswana, for example, has one of the highest incidences of HIV infection in the world, • but a successful nationwide rollout of antiretroviral therapy has led to the beginnings of a decline in AIDS-related mortality.

6. HIV IN NIGERIA. • In Nigeria, an estimated 3.6 percent of the population are living with HIV and AIDS. • Although HIV prevalence is much lower in Nigeria than in other African countries such as South Africa and Zambia, • the size of Nigeria’s population (around 149 million) meant that by the end of 2009, • there were almost 3 million people living with

7. HIV seroprevalence trend in Nigeria (1991-2005) Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

8. CONT. • Approximately 192,000 people died from AIDS in 2009. • With AIDS claiming so many lives, Nigeria’s life expectancy has declined significantly. • In 1991 the average life expectancy was 54 years for women and 53 years for men. • In 2009 these figures had fallen to 48 for women and 46 for men.

10. Scope of MTCT Estimated number of Nigerian infants born with HIV each year 64,900–103,840 Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

11. Comprehensive PMTCT package • Primary prevention among young girls and women of reproductive age • Prevention of unwanted/unplanned pregnancies among those infected • Interventions to prevent MTCT among infected women that desire children or are pregnant • Continuous care and support after delivery Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

12. Primary prevention • A=Abstinence • B=Be faithful to one uninfected partner • C=Universal access and use of condoms • D=Drugs? Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

13. Prevention of unintended pregnancies • Family planning education • Access to services • Wide availability of effective options Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

14. Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV, 2007 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 12 000 [9100 – 15 000] Western & Central Europe 1300 [<1000 – 1800] North America 4400 [2600 – 7300] East Asia 7800 [5300 – 11 000] Middle East&North Africa 26 000 [18 000 – 34 000] Caribbean 11 000 [9400 – 12 000] South & South-East Asia 140 000 [110 000 – 180 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 1.8 million [1.7 – 2.0 million] Latin America 44 000 [37 000 – 58 000] Oceania 1100 [1200] Total: 2.0 million (1.9 – 2.3 million) Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

15. Eastern Europe & Central Asia 3200 [2400 – 4300] Western & Central Europe <200 [<100] North America <500 [<200] East Asia 2000 [1200 – 3100] Middle East&North Africa 5700 [3800 – 8000] Caribbean 1800 [1500 – 2100] South & South-East Asia 21 000 [14 000 – 29 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 330 000 [300 000 – 360 000] Latin America 4600 [4200 – 8300] Oceania <1000 Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV, 2007 Total: 370 000 (330 000 – 410 000) Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

17. Percentage of people receiving antiretroviral therapy who are children in Sub-Saharan Africa • Nigeria 3% • Côte d’Ivoire 5% • Malawi 5% • Mozambique 6% • Rwanda 7% • Namibia 7% • Zimbabwe 7% • Kenya 8% • South Africa 8% • Zambia 8% • Central African Republic 9% • Uganda 9% • United Republic of Tanzania 11% Median 7% Source: WHO/UNAIDS (2006). Progress on global access to HIV antiretroviral therapy: a report on ‘3 by 5’ and beyond. Geneva, World Health Organization

18. Summary Statistics • 33m globally living with HIV/AIDS • 2.7m new infections in 2007 • 60% are females of reproductive age • Risk of MTCT • 90% of MTCT occur in sub-Saharan Africa • Prevention an important focus for pediatric HIV UNAIDS 2009 report Advanced ART Training-Abuja 6th-9th october 2009

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