ChE 452 Lecture 05

1. ChE 452 Lecture 05 Exam examples

2. Exam Example • Assume that you are working in the semiconductor industry. IBM just announced that they have a new process to replace aluminum with copper in their chips. Your boss tells you, “We need a copper process too. Get me one.” You look in the literature, and find that you can deposit copper via the CVD reaction: • Cu(hfac)2 +H2 Cu +H(hfac) • where hfac is a hexafluoroacetylacetonate ligand. Your company already makes CVD reactors, so this seems like a good process for you to bring back to your boss. What would you do to measure the kinetics of the process so your company could sell a copper deposition process too? Be sure to say what you would do during the experiment, which variables are important, what you would measure, and how you would analyze your data.

3. Steps • Look up the literature!!! • Decide direct vs indirect vs initial rate • What are the key performance measures? • What variables can/should you change? • Decide on specific methodology

4. Direct vs indirect • How accurately do we need the data to be? • 10% errors Ok – indirect or initial rate • <1% errors – direct • Initial Rate when speedy answer needed

5. What are important performance measures? • Kinetics • Product quality

6. What variables can I change? • Temperatures • Concentrations • Reactants • Promotors (catalysts other additives) • Reactor design

7. Lets Work through this for our example

8. Summary • Many decisions to make when taking rate data • Direct vs indirect • Key performance measures • Key things that can be changed • Always do a literature search first!

9. Exam Question • Assume you are working in the chemical industry and you have just had a major spill of nitrophenol. You have been able to contain the spill but you have 100,000 ft3 of contaminated soil, which needs to be treated. You go to the literature and learn that a bacteria called pseudomonas can digest the nitrophenol in soil. How would you measure the kinetics of the process so you could design a cleanup system? Be sure to consider what criterion you would use to decide whether to make direct or indirect measurements, qualitatively how you would make the measurements and how you will analyze your data.

10. Steps • Look up the literature!!! • Decide direct vs indirect vs initial rate • What are the key performance measures? • What variables can/should you change? • Decide on specific methodology

11. Direct vs indirect • How accurately do we need the data to be? • 10% errors Ok – indirect or initial rate • <1% errors – direct • Initial Rate when speedy answer needed

12. What are important performance measures? • Kinetics • Product quality

13. What variables can I change? • Temperatures • Concentrations • Reactants • Promotors (catalysts other additives) • Reactor design

14. Exam Question • Assume that you are working in the pharmaceutical industry. Your company just started selling Interluken-II and noticed that it degrades when it sits in a bottle for about four weeks. How would you measure the kinetics of the process? Be sure to consider which variables are important, what criterion would use to decide whether to make direct or indirect measurements, qualitatively how you would make the measurements and how you will analyze your data.

15. Steps • Look up the literature!!! • Decide direct vs indirect vs initial rate • What are the key performance measures? • What variables can/should you change? • Decide on specific methodology

16. Direct vs indirect • How accurately do we need the data to be? • 10% errors Ok – indirect or initial rate • <1% errors – direct • Initial Rate when speedy answer needed

17. What are important performance measures? • Kinetics • Product quality

18. What variables can I change? • Temperatures • Concentrations • Reactants • Promotors (catalysts other additives) • Reactor design

19. Class Question • What did you learn new today?