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DOMAIN

DOMAIN. Bacteria. PHYLUM . Proteobacteria. CLASS. Gamma - Proteobacteria. ORDER. Vibrionales. FAMILY. Vibrionaceae. GENUS. Vibrio. SPECIES. Vibrio parahaemolyticus & Vibrio vulnificus. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Halophilic Gram negative rod Facultative anaerobe

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DOMAIN

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  1. DOMAIN Bacteria

  2. PHYLUM Proteobacteria

  3. CLASS Gamma - Proteobacteria

  4. ORDER Vibrionales

  5. FAMILY Vibrionaceae

  6. GENUS Vibrio

  7. SPECIES Vibrio parahaemolyticus & Vibrio vulnificus

  8. Vibrio parahaemolyticus • Halophilic • Gram negative rod • Facultative anaerobe • Warm marine and estuarine

  9. Vibrio vulnificus • Halophilic • Gram negative rod • Facultative anaerobe • Warm marine and estuarine

  10. V. parahaemolyticus Gastroenteritis Wound infection V. vulnificus Wound infection Gastroenteritis Primary septicemia DISEASES

  11. INFECTION OF V.p. • Ingestion of un/under cooked shellfish, Exposure of Open Wound • Symptoms 4 -96 hours after ingestion • Attaches to the lining of the small intestine • Excretes an unidentified toxin

  12. INFECTION OF V.v. • Ingestion of un/under cooked shellfish, Exposure of Open Wound • Symptoms 4 -96 hours after ingestion • Enters blood stream resulting in septic shock

  13. V. parahaemolyticus Watery diarrhea Abdominal cramping Nausea Vomiting Fever Wound infections V. Vulnificus Wound infection Soft tissue infections Bloodstream infections Fever and chills Decreased blood pressure skin lesions death CLINAL FEATURES

  14. RATES OF PATHOGENIC VIBRIO INFECTIONS

  15. TESTING • Isolation by stool culture • Thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts, and sucrose (TCBS) media necessary • Rarely used by clinical laboratories

  16. EPIDEMIOLOGY • UNITED STATES • 8000 Vibrio infections • 60 Vibrio related deaths

  17. EPIDEMIOLOGYV. parahaemolyticus YEARLY • 3000 cases of infection • 40 hospitalizations • 7 deaths

  18. MAJOR OUTBREAKS • July – August, 1997 • Oysters from CA, OR, WA and British Columbia • 209 infections, 1 death • July – September, 1998 • Oysters and Clams in Long Island Sound • CT, NJ, and NY residents

  19. EPIDEMIOLOGYV. vulnificus YEARLY • 95 cases of infection • 85 hospitalizations • 35 deaths

  20. V.v. CONTINUED • No recorded major outbreaks • 30 – 40% of all deaths caused by Vibrios • 50% mortality rate for “primary septicemia”

  21. RESEARCH • Virulence factors • Toxin production • Antibiotic treatments

  22. REFERENCES • Hatsumi Nasu, Tetsuya Iida,Tomomi Sugahara, Yoshiharu Yamaichi, Kwon-Sam Park, Katsushi Yokoyama, Kozo Makino, Hideo Shinagawa, and Takeshi Honda. “A Filamentous Phage Associated with Recent Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Strains.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology. June 2000, Vol. 38, No. 6 p. 2156-2161,Vibrio parahaemolyticus.” Online. Center for Disease Control. 23 November 2004. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/vibrioparahaemolyticus_t.htm • “Vibrio vulnificus.” Online. Center for Disease Control. 23 November 2004. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/vibriovulnificus_t.htm • “Vibrio parahaemolyticus.” Online. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 2 December 2004. Available: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap9.html • “Vibrio vulnificus.” Online. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 2 December 2004. Available: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap9.html • “Vibrio Vulnificus Illness Fact Sheet.” Online. Community Health Administration. 6 December 2004. Available: http://edcp.org/factsheets/vibrio.html • William B. Nilsson, Rohinee N. Paranjpye, Angelo DePaola, and Mark S. Strom. “Sequence Polymorphism of the 16S rRNA Gene of Vibrio vulnificus Is a Possible Indicator of Strain Virulence.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology. January 2003 Volume 41, no. 1, p. 442-446

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