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Fisherman Behavior and Fishery Management: A Cooperative Investigation. Michael Robinson Geography Department UC Santa Barbara. image: www.montecitofire.com. Overview. Original mapping projects Socio-economic interviews Fishermen mapping “Fishermen’s Ecological Knowledge” Scale issues
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Fisherman Behavior and Fishery Management: A Cooperative Investigation Michael Robinson Geography Department UC Santa Barbara image: www.montecitofire.com
Overview • Original mapping projects • Socio-economic interviews • Fishermen mapping • “Fishermen’s Ecological Knowledge” • Scale issues • Fishing effort • Regulatory effort • Fishermen travel behavior
Original mapping efforts Socioeconomic Profile information
Original mapping efforts • Where did data come from? • CINMS socioeconomic monitoring • MRWG process • Fishermen interviews Barilotti & Pomeroy samples • What types of data? • Economic • Ethnographic
14 fisheries: Market squid Kelp Urchins Spiny lobster Prawn Rockfishes Flatfishes Sea cucumbers Wetfish Crabs California sheephead Sculpin & Bass Tuna Shark Original mapping efforts The 13 fish species accounted for over 99% of ex-vessel value of the 1999 CINMS commercial catch. 19% of the fishermen in the CINMS accounted for 82% of the value of catch.
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Fishermen mapping efforts Fishermen’s ecological knowledge & effect of scale
Effect of scale • Small scale map • covers large area • view relationships within entire region • scale of analysis & regulation • Large scale map • covers small area • see detail & differences • identify “hot spots” • scale of fishing effort & extraction
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Misalignment of data • A noticeable portion of the economic data isn’t in the correct place. Why? • Difficulty identifying exact locations • Intentional misrepresentation • Improved economic data will improve the accuracy of biocomplexity models and reserve analysis
Data: CA DFG, NOAA, C.Miller Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA, C.Miller Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA, C.Miller Bathymetry in fathoms
Regulatory Overlap • Existing fishery management & “regulatory redundancy” • Concentrated fishing efforts outside reserves
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Regulatory Overlap • Existing fishery management & “regulatory redundancy” • Concentrated fishing efforts outside reserves
Data: CA DFG, NOAA Bathymetry in fathoms
Modeling fisherman travel behavior • What factors determine when and where a fisherman goes to work? • Smith & Wilen, 2003 • How do these factors vary across: • Fleets • Ports • Fisheries • How does this affect the spatial distribution of fish stocks?
Will I fish today? If so, where? Realistic range? Optimizer or satisficer? W hat factors determine when and where a fisher- man goes to work? WHEN WHERE Physical Variables Mechanical Variables Physical Variables Mechanical Variables Water temperature Market value vs. cost to fish Bathymetry Gear restrictions Wind conditions Season closures Substrate Size restrictions Equipment “restrictions” (boat/ Kelp presence Marine reserves Wave height trap maintenance, etc) Fish presence Other closures Other “NOAA parameters” Time & Distance Decision “paradigm” Fishing location
Modeling fisherman travel behavior • Determining behavior variables: • Location • Duration • Range • Quantity & value • Levels of interest: • Boat (individuals interacting on a particular boat) • Port (boats interacting at a certain port) • Fishery (ports interacting/impacting a certain fishery)
Conclusions • Everything is preliminary • Scale of extraction seems small • Scale of regulation is comparatively large • This disparity has significant implications for fish stock, economic, and reserve models • Need more detailed and realistic modeling of fishermen: • Decision-making • Travel behavior
Prospects • Improved communication • Among fishermen • Between fishermen, regulators, and scientists • Fishermen involvement in mapping and reserve process • Fox guarding the henhouse vs. farmer in charge of the farm (Hilborn et al, 2005) • Expanded data collection efforts • More efficient and realistic management practices
image: Wm. B. Dewey, www.islandpackers.com