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Service Provider Wi-Fi

Service Provider Wi-Fi. Bill McFarland, VP Technology, Qualcomm Atheros. Outline. System capacity discussion 802.11u Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0 Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi small cells. 1000x Capacity Increase: Needed. Exponential growth in mobile data utilization.

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Service Provider Wi-Fi

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  1. Service Provider Wi-Fi Bill McFarland, VP Technology, Qualcomm Atheros

  2. Outline • System capacity discussion • 802.11u • Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0 • Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi small cells

  3. 1000x Capacity Increase: Needed Exponential growth in mobile data utilization • 5B cumulative smartphone sales estimated for 2012 - 2016 • Average traffic per smartphone nearly tripled in 2011 • 150 MB/Mo, versus 55 MB/Mo in 2010 • Over the past five years, AT&T’s wireless data traffic has grown 200X

  4. Signal Noise 1000x Capacity Increase: Possible! Small Cells!(32x?) • Number of antennas limited by device size • Spectrum limited by availability, government policy • Interference mitigation difficult, can only go so far • Only big lever is to substantially reduce cell size • But cellular deployment models/economics make increasing the number of base stations by 32x expensive and slow More Spectrum (4x?) Mitigate Interference (2x?) Number of Antennas (4x?) capacity/user ≈ nW log2(1+ )/# users

  5. Why Wi-Fi? The capacity is needed, the clients are there The number of devices connected to IP networks willbe twice as high as the global population in 2015,up from one networked device per capita in 2010. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast & Methodology June, 2011 Source: iSuppli, Q2, 2011 Connectivity Forecast. Other Wi-Fi-enabled clients consists of the following: printers – 41M in 2011, 69M in 2015; digital cameras – 7M in 2011; 24M in 2015; gaming consoles – 40M in 2011, 56M in 2015; handheld gaming – 36M in 2011, 35M in 2015; eReaders – 3M in 2011; 15M in 2015; LCD TVs – 18M in 2011; 180 in 2015; DVD Players/Recorders – 12M in 2011; 29M in 2015; STBs – 3M in 2011, 7M in 2015.

  6. How Do we Make Wi-Fi a Service Provider Network? • Transparent, hassle free services discovery (802.11u) • Features to enable cellular offload onto Wi-Fi (Hotspot 2.0) • Seamless operation across cellular and Wi-Fi networks (LTE/Wi-Fi hybrid small cells)

  7. Wi-Fi Industry Standards Ecosystem Overview HomePlug ZigBee CSEP SmartGrid WSA EXTEND Social SIG 11afTVWS 11ah NAN ‘Social Wi-Fi’ TVWS NFC 11ac WPS VHT5G Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE802.11 11aiFILS Accord WFD Svs Dis-play 60GHz 11u Gen Link SG WFD Svs Group Hot-spot 2.0 TDLS 11aqPAD Serial Bus 11ad (60 GHz) Dock-ing WBA Docking Consor-tium GSMA WSE Core Spec Docking WiGig

  8. 802.11u

  9. 802.11u Icon Bar Displays Localized Mobile Services (LMS) (courtesy of Esteban Torres, Cisco)

  10. SSID 3 How Does 11u Change the Situation? 802.11u Service Discovery Pre-association Current Approach SSID 1 SSID 1 SSID 2 SSID 2 Service Service Service SSID 3 SSID 4 SSID 4 • Current Approach: • Device scan for SSIDs • End user has to associate with SSID to discover the service in the SSID • End user launches web browser and enters URL to get web service • 802.11u Approach: • Device scans for service (not SSID) • Prompts end-user or auto launches service • End-user clicks on prompt, automatically associates with SSID, and seamlessly launches a web service

  11. What’s Required to Implement 802.11u • The AP needs a “service advertiser” • The client device needs a “service launcher” 802.11u-enabled Handset GUI Verizon LMS 802.11u Protocol stack Handset Vendor Integrated into WI-Fi IC Wi-Fi Driver Software Update Handset Vendor

  12. 802.11u GUI • 802.11u defines messaging and protocols, but these are straightforward • The key will be creating GUI’s that allow users to configure this capability easily and to their liking My Icons: Handset with 802.11u Favorites Target Ascot Starbucks Best Buy GUI - LMS GUI LMS Service ON OFF Mode: 802.11u Filters 802.11u Protocol stack Open Closed 802.11u Filters Show me only Wi-Fi Driver Software Update Coffee houses Hotspot Retail stores

  13. Hotspot 2.0 (Passpoint)

  14. Problem Statement • Service Provider Wi-Fi is currently not easy to use (manual intervention required) and confusing • Web page redirection creates ease of use problem • Absence of a standardized mechanism for connection establishment • Hotspot network connectivity ≠ Network service • Inconsistent and limited security (local access and authentication mechanism) • No indication that a session has expired – network access is suddenly lost Cellular : Turn on phone and make call Hotspot : Turn on Wi-Fi and ? Select Correct SSID Find Connection Manager Launch Connection Manager Scan for SSIDs ? Associate with SSID

  15. Use case: Cellular-like ExperienceAutomatic and Secure Easy Connectivity for Wi-Fi Subscribers Cellular Hotspot 2.0 1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes to AP of Home SP 2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically 3. Secure connection 1. SP subscriber turns on his phone 2. Gets cellular service automatically 3. Secure connection Cellular Tower (Home SP) Hotspot 2.0 AP (Home SP) Hotspot 2.0 STA (single or dual-mode) Cellular Device 1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes to AP of Roaming Partner 2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically 3. Secure connection 1. SP subscriber comes to roaming partner 2. Gets service automatically 3. Secure connection Hotspot 2.0 AP (Roaming Partner) Cellular Tower (Roaming Partner) Hotspot 2.0 STA (single or dual-mode) Cellular Device Automatic and Secure Automatic and Secure Source: WFA

  16. Scope of Work for the WFA Hotspot 2.0 Technical Taskgroup • Development of Specifications • ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) extensions to 802.11u • Operator Policy and Sign On Procedure • Security Enhancements • Development of an Interoperability Testplan • Interoperability Plugfesting

  17. Wi-Fi Passpoint (Hotspot 2.0)

  18. Hotspot 2.0 Procedure • Discovery: The mobile device is scanning for APs with which to associate and for related information useful for network selection • HS 2.0 enables an STA to discover usable APs based on Hotspot Operator Friendly Name, Roaming Consortium list, Venue name, NAI Realm list, Domain Name list, 3GPP Cellular Network information • Additional performance related information is available eg., BSS load, Backhaul capacity , WAN Metrics, Connection Capability, Online Signup providers list, etc. • Registration: The mobile device is setting up a new account with an SP or hotspot provider. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived. • Provisioning: The Wi-Fi infrastructure is establishing credential information and providing policy information to the mobile device. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived. • Security schemes available are WPA2 Enterprise, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS • Access: The mobile device has successfully associated and authenticated with the hotspot and can access the services for which the user has subscribed.

  19. HS2.0 Capabilities and Requirements • Hotspot 2.0 uses protocol defined within the IEEE P802.11u-2011, Amendment 9: Interworking with External Networks • Assist in network selection • Assist in capabilities supported • WFA defined Hotspot 2.0 extensions of the 802.11u information elements (ANQP) • Elements exchanged using 802.11u (Generic Advertisement Service) GAS frames 802.11u HS2.0

  20. ANQP elements used for HS2.0 (not complete list) • Roaming Consortium • Indicates roaming consortium or SSP (i.e. operator) whose security credentials can be used to authenticate with the AP • Domain Name List • Domain Name of the entity operating the 802.11 network • Values include: On-line enrollment supported, HTTP/S redirection • Operator Friendly Name • Wi-Fi client can request a list of all the mobile operators' names that are allowed to automatically connect to the Wi-Fi hotspot. If your operator's name is on the list, your device will proceed with connection decisions • WAN Metrics • Provides information on the speed of the WAN connection to the Internet. • Connection Capability • Provides connection status of the most commonly used communications protocols and ports. • Network Access Identifier (NAI) Home Realm Query • Used by the STA to determine if the NAI realms for which it has security credentials are realms corresponding to SPs or other entities whose networks or services are accessible via this BSS. (Which service providers can I connect to here?) • Hotspot (HS) Query List • Provided by STA to AP • Carries identifiers of ANQP elements for which the mobile is querying the AP • Hotspot (HS) Capability List • Provides list of information configured in AP back to the mobile device

  21. Secure Access – Network Authentication Type Secure Access • Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint is WPA2™ Secured • Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint uses following credential type and EAP methods

  22. Hotspot GAS exchanges Hotspot 2.0 capable AP Beacons and Probe Response frame include: RSN IE(WPA2) Interworking Element (includes HESSID and Venue Information) Advertisement Protocol Element (Indicates ANQP) Roaming Consortium Element(A list of roaming consortium identifier) The Hotspot 2.0 Indication element Hotspot 2.0 capable STAs scan for networks and discover an AP advertising Hotspot 2.0 capability. Hotspot 2.0 capable STA uses ANQP to the AP to determine properties of the Hotspot 2.0 Access Network. The Hotspot capable STA selects the ANQP query elements it requires to query the Hotspot 2.0 network for Interworking Service information. GAS Initial Request Frame( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP; ANQP Query = {Venue Name, Network Auth, Roaming Consortium, IP Address Type, NAI Realm, 3GPP Cellular information, Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name, WAN Metrics, Connection Capability} ) GAS Initial Response Frame( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP; Venue Name; Network Auth; Roaming Consortium; IP Address Type; NAI Realm; 3GPP Cellular information; Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name,; WAN Metrics; Connection Capability) Hotspot 2.0 capable STA evaluates the response based on its Hotspot 2.0 subscription information and associated policy and choose to associate to the AP. NOTE SSID is not necessary to make the network selection. Associate and WPA2 EAP Authentication Secure WPA2 Data Connectivity

  23. Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi Small Cells

  24. LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Basic • Definition • Single device with LTE small cell and Wi-Fi capabilities • Dynamic offload and hand-off between radios & networks • Basic requirements • Femto + Wi-Fi connection management • Connection method should be invisible to user • Smart policies and control in both terminal and network • Smart system selection/ bandwidth management • Link quality based selection • Preserve cellular management with Wi-Fi offload • Hotspot 2.0 generalization • Billing, roaming, authentication, security • Co-existence • Self organizing LTE, Wi-Fi, and LTE+Wi-Fi

  25. LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Advanced • Advanced requirements • Femto + Wi-Fi connection management • Enhanced system selection/ bandwidth management • Mobility/ velocity, application requirements • Bandwidth aggregation • TCP layer (multipath TCP) • IP layer (Hy-Fi type) • MAC layer • Traffic shaping, network acceleration and backhaul optimization for LTE+Wi-Fiflows • RF and HW architectures, cost synergies

  26. Thank you!

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