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Ranching, cages, net pens... How low can you go?

Ranching, cages, net pens... How low can you go?. Lecture 14: FAS 1012. As traditional aquaculture and fishing practices have increases, so have the needs for alternatives . Cage culture, ocean ranching and net pens have come under intensive development recently. Cage Culture.

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Ranching, cages, net pens... How low can you go?

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  1. Ranching, cages, net pens...How low can you go? Lecture 14: FAS 1012

  2. As traditional aquaculture and fishing practices have increases, so have the needs for alternatives.

  3. Cage culture, ocean ranching and net pens have come under intensive development recently.

  4. Cage Culture “is the cultivation of fish in existing water resources such as farm ponds, mining pits or barrow pits using small to large cages or net pens”

  5. Advantages • One of the only ways to grow fish for sale in large, deep ponds, or lakes. • If ponds are owned then relatively low start-up costs. • Good way to learn aquaculture at a small scale.

  6. Disadvantages • Water quality may be harder to manage • Higher potential for disease outbreak • Vandalism is easier

  7. Site Selection • At least one surface acre • Average depth of 4 ft. • No more than 10 acre watershed per acre of water. • No direct access by livestock • No chronic problems with weeds. • No silt or pesticide runoff.

  8. Investment Management Aid Observation Feeding Treatment Design – Materials Harvest Overwintering Cage Considerations

  9. Cage Construction • Floatation • Mesh • 1/8 to 1/4 for Phase I (1-2”) • 3/4 for Phase II (6-8”) • Feeding Ring

  10. Temperature 70ºF+ Dissolved Oxygen 4 ppm+ Nitrites <10ppm pH 6.5-9.0 Turbidity Around 24” Alkalinity 40 ppm+ Ammonia <1ppm Water Quality

  11. Cage Placement in Pond Cages should be placed where water can move freely between cages and circulate away from immediate area of cages.

  12. Stocking Phase • Stock 1-3 in. fingerlings. • Stock when water temperature is >55oF. • Stock around 25-35 fingerlings per ft3.

  13. Stocking Advanced Fingerlings • In the Midwest need to stock AT LEAST a 6” fingerling with an 8 in. fingerling preferred. • Stock when water temperature is >55oF. • Stock 6-8 fingerlings per ft3.

  14. Juveniles Non floating Crumble size particle 40% CP or greater Advanced Fingerlings Floating pellets 36% CP acceptable Feeds

  15. Feeding • Juveniles • Feed often and plenty • Hand feeding or automatic feeders • Advanced Fingerlings • Morning and afternoon best • Hand feeding... advantageous, but slow

  16. Management • Grading of fingerlings • Predator Control • Weed Control in Ponds • Algae Control on Cages

  17. Diseases • Columnaris early in the season or from handling stress. • Gill Flukes • Cannibalism among some small fish an issue.

  18. Harvesting • If fish are stocked in April, then should be market size by late October (for HSB). • Forewarned is forearmed… Be prepared!!

  19. Overwintering • Success depends on condition of fish after harvesting and possible winter kills. • Blowers will keep ice from around the cages.

  20. Break-even price for 5,000 lb production was $1.27/lb for HSB. Based on: five acre pond 6 month production cycle $75/100 six inch fingerlings 1,000 lbs per acre yield 10% death loss $25/cwt feed 2.0 FCR Economics

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