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Root and Tuber Crops in the Tropics

Root and Tuber Crops in the Tropics. Cassava Cocoyam Potato Sweet Potato Taro Yam. Definitions. Root (cassava, sweet potato) No leaves or reproductive organs Tuber (potato, yams) Fleshy underground stem Minute scale leaves with buds (eyes) Corm (aroids, cocoyam and taro)

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Root and Tuber Crops in the Tropics

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  1. Root and Tuber Crops in the Tropics Cassava Cocoyam Potato Sweet Potato Taro Yam

  2. Definitions • Root (cassava, sweet potato) • No leaves or reproductive organs • Tuber (potato, yams) • Fleshy underground stem • Minute scale leaves with buds (eyes) • Corm (aroids, cocoyam and taro) • Short, bulblike underground upright stem • With scale leaves Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  3. World Production of Root and Tuber Crops (106 mt) FAOSTAT, 2003 About half of the potato production is in the temperate zone Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  4. Food Utilization of Root and Tuber Crops (1996 data) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  5. Feed Utilization of Root and Tuber Crops (1996 data) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  6. Origins of Major Root and Tuber Crops Yam Cocoyam Sweet Potato Cassava Taro Potato Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  7. Plant Slender shrub, 5 m Enlarged roots Sweet to bitter White to yellow Palmate leaves Propagation Stem cuttings Cassava - Manihot esculentaYuca, Mandioca, Tapioca Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  8. Origin South America Distribution Tropics and subtropics Staple food in many tropical regions Excellent carbohydrate source Cassava - Manihot esculenta Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  9. Plant Perennial herb Corms and cormels Propagation Harvest same plant multiple times Portions of central corm Cocoyam - Xanthosoma sagittifoliumMalanga, Tannia, Elephant’s Ear Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  10. Origin West Indies and northern S. America Distribution Tropical regions Common in Indonesia Adaptation Lowland tropics Cocoyam - Xanthosoma sagittifoliumMalanga, Tannia, Elephant’s Ear Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  11. Plant Herbaceous Subterannean stems Leaves Propagation Eyes from tubers Important staple crop Potato - Solanum tuberosum Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  12. Origin Highlands of South America Distribution Widely cultivated from highland tropics to temperate zones Adaptation Cool climate adaptation Potato - Solanum tuberosum Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  13. Plant Creeping herb Enlarged roots vary in shape and color Leaves variable in size, shape, color Propagation Young stem cuttings Important carbohydrate source Sweet potato - Ipomoea batatas Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  14. Origin Central America Distribution Widely cultivated both in tropics and subtropics Adaptation Tropics to subtropics Below 2200 m altitude Sweet potato - Ipomoea batatas Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  15. Plant Perennial herb Subterraneous stem Calcium oxalate crystals Heart shaped leaves Propagation Suckers Corm apices with leaf Taro - Colocasia esculenta Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  16. Origin Southeast Asia Distribution West Africa Caribbean Pacific islands Staple food Taro - Colocasia esculenta Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  17. Plant Climbing vine, 10 m Tubers vary in shape Leaves ovate with cordate base Propagation Tubers Staple food in arid regions of Africa Yam Dioscorea alata, cayenensis and rotundata(Sixty species cultivated for food and pharmaceuticals) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  18. Origin Asia and West Africa Production Mainly Africa Adaptation Lowland tropics Drought tolerant Yam Dioscorea alata, cayenensis and rotundata(Sixty species cultivated for food and pharmaceuticals) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  19. Plant Characteristics Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  20. Plant Adaptation Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  21. Plant Soil Adaptation Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  22. Plant Storage Duration Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  23. Crops compared for Edible Energy Production Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  24. Crops compared for Edible Protein Production Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  25. Nutritional aspects of root and tuber crops FW = fresh weight Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  26. Nutritional Composition of 100 g of Food Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  27. Importance of Root and Tuber Crops • Important source food and income for the most food insecure households • Why? • High energy production per ha/day • Yield better under adverse conditions than other crops Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  28. Future Trends for Root and Tuber Crops • Increased regional production concentration • Sub Saharan Africa, 60% cassava production • West Africa, 90% yam production • China, 82% of sweet potato production • Increased specialization of End Use • Increase of processed forms of food • Increased use of root/tubers for feed and starch derived products • Relative importance remain same • 10.5% of agricultural value Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  29. International Research Centers involved with Root and Tuber Crops • CIAT (Colombia) • Cassava for Americas and Asia • CIP (Peru) • Potato • Sweet potato • Andean roots and tubers • IITA (Nigeria) • Cassava for Africa • Yam for Africa Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  30. International Research Centers involved with Root and Tuber Crops CIAT IITA CIP Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

  31. Any Questions? Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

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