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Quit India Mahatma Gandhi
Background • He was born on the 2ndof October in 1869 and he died on the 30th of January in 1948 living for the age of 78. He wanted peace around the world. He wanted India to have independence and to be able to flourish on it’s own in small villages where they are not competing against one another. • This speech was given on 12thof January of 1948 and was given to try to get independence to India. This speech was a great push for freedom of India and which is what got the movement going. For this he got imprisoned by Britain then later freed. • He was 13 years old when he was married to 14 year old Kasturbai Makhanj, where he had 4 sons. He was assassinated on 30th of January 1948 at the age of 78.
Video of Speech • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-a0rLb7YHQ&feature=youtu.be
SOAPSTone - Subject • The subject in SOAPSTONE stands for the main point or idea. The subject of the this speech is that India is trying to gain it’s independenceand the congress of India is trying to get Britain to withdraw their men from India. • “Nothing, however, should be done secretly. This is an open rebellion. In this struggle secrecy is a sin. A free man would not engage in a secret movement.” • “India is without doubt the homeland of all the Mussalmans inhabiting this country. Every Mussalmans should therefore co-operate in the fight for India’s freedom. The Congress does not belong to any one class or community.”
SOAPSTone - Occasion • What the occasion means in SOAPSTone is the time and place of what happened for the speech to get made. A war started in 1939 between Britain and Germany, where also India was also declared to be at war with Germany because they were part of the British empire, but it was not with the consent of the Indian people that India was dragged into the war. • “If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for deliverance, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged unjustly of the great gift. I must act now. I may not hesitate and merely look on, when Russia and China are threatened.”
SOAPSTone - Audience • The audience in SOAPSTONE stands for who the speech is directed to. He is trying to send a message to all the people inhabiting India that it is time for independence. • “We cannot evoke the true spirit of sacrifice and velour, so long as we are not free.” • “It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today. Once you realize this you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims, and think of yourselves as Indians only, engaged in the common struggle for independence.”
SOAPSTone - Purpose • The purpose in SOAPSTONE is simply why the author is writing, or why the speaker is speaking. The purpose of this speech was to start a spark of independence to India and to break away from Britain's rule. • “In the democracy which I have envisaged, a democracy established by non-violence, there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master.” • “Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism. The proposal for the withdrawal of British power did not come out of anger.”
SOAPSTone - Speaker • The second S in SOAPSTone is Speaker, which means the voice of who’s speaking. Gandhi a person of India and a man of peace. Someone who wants the best of India. • “I have not changed in any fundamental respect. I attach the same importance to non-violence that I did then.” • “As a matter of fact, I feel myself to be a greater friend of the British now than ever before. One reason is that they are today in distress. My very friendship, therefore, demands that I should try to save them from their mistakes.”
SOAPSTone - Tone • The tone in SOAPSTONE is the words used by the author or speaker. The tone was inspiring, encouraging, peaceful, and powerful.
Analysis - Paraphrase • “Then, there is the question of your attitude towards the British. I have noticed that there is hatred towards the British among the people. The people say they are disgusted with their behavior. The people make no distinction between British imperialism and the British people.” • He is saying that people in India should not hate the British people but there own government.
Analysis - Paraphrase • “Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship. But under the Congress scheme of things, essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room for dictatorship. A non-violent soldier of freedom will covet nothing for himself, he fights only for the freedom of his country. The Congress is unconcerned as to who will rule, when freedom is attained. The power, when it comes, will belong to the people of India, and it will be for them to decide to whom it placed in the entrusted.” • In this long paragraph he is saying that they will only fight for India’s independence not for there own gain and that he will set up a democracy not a dictatorship. Also that the power of India will be with the people of India.
Major Premise/Theme/Main Idea • “I know the British Government will not be able to withhold freedom from us, when we have made enough self-sacrifice. We must, therefore, purge ourselves of hatred. Speaking for myself, I can say that I have never felt any hatred. As a matter of fact, I feel myself to be a greater friend of the British now than ever before.” • Essentially Gandhi is stressing that the British government will not stop India from becoming an independent nation.
Ethos • “Let me explain my position clearly. God has vouchsafed to me a priceless gift in the weapon of Ahimsa. I and my Ahimsa are on our trail today. If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for deliverance, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged unjustly of the great gift. I must act now. I may not hesitate and merely look on, when Russia and China are threatened.” • He is saying that he can no longer look away from what is going on and wants to change it. It is very effective because he is saying that a higher authority will punish him if he does not do this.
Pathos • “This hatred would even make them welcome the Japanese. It is most dangerous. It means that they will exchange one slavery for another. We must get rid of this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism.” • He wants to say that Indian’s citizens will not stay in hate against the British people. They will fight for their freedom not their people. • It is very effective because he is giving people a reason to not give in to hate but to fight imperialism.
Logos • “I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours. I read Carlyle’s French Resolution while I was in prison, and Pandit Jawaharlal has told me something about the Russian revolution. But it is my conviction that inasmuch as these struggles were fought with the weapon of violence they failed to realize the democratic ideal. In the democracy which I have envisaged, a democracy established by non-violence, there will be equal freedom for all. Everybody will be his own master. It is to join a struggle for such democracy that I invite you today. Once you realize this you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims, and think of yourselves as Indians only, engaged in the common struggle for independence.” • This very long paragraph says that he will not go wrong in making democracy and saying that everyone in India struggles for independence and should unite together. • This was well placed and well established in his speech also he is saying that we all need to unite and forget their differences.
Repetition • “Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence. In a violent struggle, a successful general has been often known to effect a military coup and to set up a dictatorship. But under the Congress scheme of things, essentially non-violent as it is, there can be no room for dictatorship. A non-violent soldier of freedom will covet nothing for himself, he fights only for the freedom of his country. The Congress is unconcerned as to who will rule, when freedom is attained.” • He uses violent many times to emphasize that he believes in non violence and that it will solve nothing.
Euphemism • “If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for deliverance, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged unjustly of the great gift. I must act now. I may not hesitate and merely look on, when Russia and China are threatened.” • He used this to say that he will now try to get independence and try to help China and Russia. It was very effective because India is extremely religious and using this will get more attention to it.
Powerful Lines • “Ours is not a drive for power, but purely a non-violent fight for India’s independence.” • This is a powerful line to me because he is saying that he isn’t doing this for a higher power but for a better India. • “We must get rid of this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism.” • This is another powerful line because he is saying we are only at war with their dictatorship and not their people. • “Once you realize this you will forget the differences between the Hindus and Muslims, and think of yourselves as Indians only, engaged in the common struggle for independence.” • Gandhi is saying that everyone in India needs to come together for their independence and not fight each other.
Metaphor • “The people make no distinction between British imperialism and the British people. To them, the two are one. This hatred would even make them welcome the Japanese. It is most dangerous. It means that they will exchange one slavery for another. We must get rid of this feeling. Our quarrel is not with the British people, we fight their imperialism.” • He used the metaphor to not blame Britain's people but their government to gain more supporters for independence. This was is very effective since what is going on in the war at the time.
Personification • “God has vouchsafed to me a priceless gift in the weapon of Ahimsa. I and my Ahimsa are on our trail today. If in the present crisis, when the earth is being scorched by the flames of Himsa and crying for deliverance, I failed to make use of the God given talent, God will not forgive me and I shall be judged unjustly of the great gift.” • He used Ahimsa as a person not a goddess/god. He makes it seem it is a person that is with him. It is effective because India is a very religious nation and will be even more effective because of this.
To follow after the speech… • The All-India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "an orderly British withdrawal" from India. • The British imprisoned all the congress members and anyone who attend the speech. • The Quit India campaign got crushed. • The British said they will give independence after the war.
Credits • "Quit India Speech." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 June 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. • Shouler, Kenneth, and Susai Anthony. "Hinduism." Quit India Movement and Independence. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. • Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Gandhi - Biography of Mahatma Gandhi." About.com 20th Century History. About.com Guide, n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
