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Biomarker / Penanda hayati di dalam penilaian kesehatan dan resiko lingkungan

Biomarker / Penanda hayati di dalam penilaian kesehatan dan resiko lingkungan. Pencemaran Lingkungan & Penyakit. 1.1. Definition. Ris i k o = Bahaya x Pemaparan. K ualitati f atau k uantitati f Pada tingkat individual atau tingkat popula si. Skala ruang dan waktu. Predi ksi.

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Biomarker / Penanda hayati di dalam penilaian kesehatan dan resiko lingkungan

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  1. Biomarker / Penanda hayati di dalam penilaian kesehatan dan resiko lingkungan

  2. Pencemaran Lingkungan & Penyakit

  3. 1.1. Definition Risiko = Bahaya x Pemaparan Kualitatifatau kuantitatif Pada tingkat individual atau tingkat populasi Skala ruang dan waktu

  4. Prediksi 1.2. Tujuan penilaian risiko Peringatan dini • Batas –batas deteksi pemaparan Kesehatan Manusia “Kesehatan Ekosistem!”

  5. 1.3 Procedure Penilaian Risiko /Manajemen risiko PENELITIAN PENILAIAN RISIKO MANAJEMEN RISIKO Development of regulatory options Observations (laboratory, field) Hazard identification Extrapolation methods Evaluation of Public, health, economic, social, political consequences of regulatory options EDRA Risk-A Measures, Characteristics of populations Exposure assessment Agency decisions and actions EDRA: Exposure-Dose- Response Assessment Risk-A: Risk characterization NAS/NRC, 1983

  6. 320 Senyawa kimia 60 carcinogen 1.2. Tujuan penilaian risiko Secara umum 700 Kimia Organik 40 carcinogens NIEHSs’FYBudget,1998

  7. 1.4. Integrasi penilaian risiko bagi manusia dan lingkungan Integrasi = ”Kombinasi proses penaksiran resiko bagi manusia, biota dan sumberdaya lingkungan di dalam satu penilaian” WHO, 2001

  8. 1.4. Integrasi penilaian risiko bagi manusia dan lingkungan Suter, et al. 2005

  9. 1.4. Integrasi penilaian risiko bagi manusia dan lingkungan Alasan utama penggabungan proses penilaian: • Memperbaiki kualitas penilaian melalui • pertukaran informasi antara asesor • kesehatan manusia dan resiko lingkungan • Meningkatkan input yang lebih terintegrasi • bagi penentu kebijakan

  10. „any biological response to an environmental chemical at the individual level or below demonstrating a departure from normal status” „indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention” 2.1. Definisi BIOMARKER HUMAN HEALTH ‘’ENVIRONMENT HEALTH’’ Peakall,1994 B.D.W.G, 2001

  11. 2.2 Tipe dan peranan biomarker BIOMARKERS ALWAYS EXPRESSED at the sub-organismal level cellular, physiological or behavioural Moore, et al. 2004

  12. dosin efektif secara biologis KATAGORI BIOMARKER 2.2 Tipe dan peranan biomarker Dosin internal kepekaan Efek awal secara biologis Hulka et al.,1990

  13. 2.3 Contoh Metabolit PAH dalam Urinary (biomarker of internal dose) • Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene - sensitive biomarker in humans from 1985 • biomarker in invertebrates? Ariese et al., 2005 Profil metabolit PAH adalah senyawa specifik

  14. 2.3 Contoh Kepekaan organ sasaran biomarker Pestisida Perubahan kepekaan organ sasaran Induksi toleransi Perbedaan sumber dan komposisi polutan lingkungan MANUSIA INVERTEBRATA

  15. 3. Conclusion Focusing on: a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint (paramétres) Not enough Need integrated, holistic approach, with multichemical, multimedia, multiroute, and multispecies exposures

  16. 3. Conclusion Integration Appealing (séduisante) and really important But: • Protection of humans isn't inevitably a result of protection of nonhuman organisms and ecosystems • Nonhuman may be more exposed or more sensitive than humans .

  17. 3. Conclusion Radical selection of biomarkers Exchange with different disciplines Cooperation between the human and environmental risk assessments Owenet al, 2008

  18. 3. Conclusion complexity of ecosystems unique biology of the individual Honesty transparency and communication

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