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GENOCIDE’S CAUSES AND LESSONS: RWANDA, & DARFUR

Explore the causes and lessons of genocides in Rwanda and Darfur, as well as the international framework for dealing with genocide. Learn about the 1948 UN Convention, the CPPCG, enforcement by the International Court, and efforts to prevent genocide.

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GENOCIDE’S CAUSES AND LESSONS: RWANDA, & DARFUR

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  1. GENOCIDE’S CAUSES AND LESSONS: RWANDA, & DARFUR Why talk about genocide in a class on international security?

  2. WHAT IS GENOCIDE? The 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide: Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group as such: • killing members of the group; • causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; • deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; • imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; • [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

  3. What is the international framework for dealing with Genocide? • What is not covered by the CPPCG? Mass murder in general, politicide or murder because of social standing • What specifically does it require? Signatories agree to be subject to prosecution for any of the following: • Genocide • Conspiracy to commit genocide • Direct and public incitement to commit genocide • Attempt to commit genocide • Complicity in genocide

  4. More details on the CPPCG • Who does it cover? 137 countries have ratified the 1948/51 agreement, • Is everyone covered in the same way? No, several countries including the US have special deals. • Who enforces? The Intl. Court • When has it been used? Rwanda (1998) Bosnia (2007), but not Iraq • Any efforts to go further and stop genocide before it happens? UN Sec. Council 1674 requires the Sec. Council to act.

  5. What causes genocide? Gregory Stanton’s “8 Steps to Genocide” • Classification of them and us • Symbolization for propaganda • Duhumanization • Organization of genocidal groups • Polarization to get killers ready • Preparation, including separation of victims • Extermination • Denial

  6. WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM RWANDA? • 19th C to 1962: Colonial occupation with divide and conquer • 1962-1993: Hutu rule (85% pop) • 1990: The Rwandan Patriotic Front invades from Uganda • 1993: Truce and UN peacekeeping • 1994: 75 percent of all Tutsi’s murdered • 1995 to now: Hutus on the run and genocide in the Congo • 1998 International court prosecutes; truth and reconciliation proceedings • Today: The UN and the intl. community are making strides

  7. Is Darfur a genocide? • Issues from your readings…

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