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Architecting Fibre Channel HA Solutions

Architecting Fibre Channel HA Solutions. Rick Jooss richard.jooss@netapp.com. Agenda. CFModes Single System Imagine Multipathing Host Clustering Storage System Backend HA Q&A. Agenda. CFModes Single System Image Multipathing Host Clustering Storage System Backend HA Q&A.

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Architecting Fibre Channel HA Solutions

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  1. Architecting Fibre Channel HA Solutions Rick Jooss richard.jooss@netapp.com

  2. Agenda • CFModes • Single System Imagine • Multipathing • Host Clustering • Storage System Backend HA • Q&A

  3. Agenda • CFModes • Single System Image • Multipathing • Host Clustering • Storage System Backend HA • Q&A

  4. CFMODE – Cluster Failover Mode • What is CFMODE? • FCP Setting • Determines behavior of FC Target Ports, particularly during a CFO event • Why is there more than one CFMODE? • Original CFMODE (standby) did not work for all host types (HP-UX, AIX) • Original CFMODE did not work with the 270C because it only has a single FC port

  5. Available Paths- Standby Mode 0c 0d 0a 0b 0c 0d 0a 0b HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  6. Path Access (Switch Failure) – Standby Mode 0c 0d 0a 0b 0c 0d 0a 0b HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host MP layer works around the failure Switch/Fabric 1 will experience a failure Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid and Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed and Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  7. Path Access (CFO event)- Standby Mode 0c 0d 0a 0b 0c 0d 0a 0b HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Conntroller 1 will experience a failure Controller 2 Takes over all operations Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid and Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed and Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  8. Path Access (CFO event)- Standby Mode 0c 0d 0a 0b 0c 0d 0a 0b HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Filer Head 2 Takes over all operationsMP layer is not involved in switchover Controller 1 will experience a failure Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid and Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 WWN1 WWN2 WWN3 WWN4 WWN5 WWN6 WWN7 WWN8 Dashed and Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  9. Available Paths - Partner Mode Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 0c 0d 0a 0b 0c 0d 0a 0b HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  10. Available Paths - Partner Mode – FAS3000 Default Configuration Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  11. Available Paths - Dual Fabric Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 0c_0 0c_2 0c_2 0c_0 Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  12. Agenda • CFModes • Single System Imagine • Multipathing • Host Clustering • Storage System Backend HA • Q&A

  13. What is the single system image cfmode? • Universal cfmode • Works on all HA storage systems • Works on all switches • Presents the HA configuration as a single target • All LUNs are visible on all controller ports • All hosts require multipathing software

  14. Available Paths - Single System Image – Single Card 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  15. Path Access (Switch Failure) - Single System Image – Single Card 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Switch/Fabric 1 will experience a failure MP layer works around the failure Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid and Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Head 1 Dashed and Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Head 2 LUNs LUNs

  16. Path Access (CFO event) - Single System Image – Single Card 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Controller 2 takes over all operations MP layer works around the failure Controller 1 will experience a failure Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  17. Available Paths - Single System Image – Single Port Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 0d 0d Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  18. Available Paths - Single System Image – Single Port Host Solid Blue are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 1 Loop Mode Loop Mode 0d 0d Dashed Purple are paths to the LUNs being served by Controller 2 HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUNs LUNs

  19. Why SSI mode? • Works in all configurations • Makes us look more like other SAN vendors • Reduces port burn without using FC Loop • Fully redundant config requires only 1 “wire” per controller, instead of 2. • Simpler wiring, no a/b port distinctions and no requirement to run the same cables from each controller to the same switch.

  20. Management changes • Unified LUN mapping address space across the HA configuration. • Controller prevents these conflicts by checking with the partner controller. • If the controller interconnect is down, some operations are disabled by default • Igroup add, lun map, lun online, igroup set ostype

  21. SSI Roadmap • Introduced in ONTAP 7.1 • Refer to FCP host compatibility matrix http://now.netapp.com/NOW/knowledge/docs/san/fcp_iscsi_config/index.shtmlfor specific host support

  22. Agenda • CFModes • Single System Imagine • Multipathing • Host Clustering • Storage System Backend HA • Q&A

  23. Multipathing • Multipathing provides multiple paths from the host to the external storage device • Provides High-Availability • Protects against path failures • Ensures high availability of applications and data by eliminating single points of failure • Provides Improved Performance • Increases potential performance by utilizing multiple paths

  24. Multipathing 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 LUNs LUNs

  25. A/P (active passive) policy – Single LUN 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Hosts Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 LUNs LUNs

  26. A/P (active passive) policy – No Round Robining Hosts Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 0c 0c 0d 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUN4 LUN3 LUN2 LUN1

  27. A/P (active passive) policy - Round Robining Hosts Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 0d 0c 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 LUN4 LUN3 LUN2 LUN1

  28. A/P (active/passive) • Active/Passive Configuration • 1 active path to a single LUN • Performance to a LUN is limited by that paths capability (HBA, switch, target port) • Possible to round robin multiple LUNs across multiple paths • All other paths to the LUN are passive • On failover • Primary paths are tried first • Secondary paths are used if no primary paths are available

  29. A/A (Active active) policy (cfmode = standby) 0c 0d 0a 0b 0c 0d 0a 0b HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Hosts Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 LUNs LUNs

  30. A/A (active/active) • Host accessing data from a single LUN across multiple paths simultaneously • Typically used for load balancing • Round Robin • Least Queue Depth • Weighted • On failure I/Os are sent down remaining available paths

  31. A/A/A (asymmetric active active) 0c 0d 0c 0d HA Configuration Controller 1 Controller 2 Host Switch/Fabric 1 Switch/Fabric 2 LUNs LUNs

  32. A/A/A (asymmetric active active) • Distinguishes between primary and secondary paths • Does active/active across primary paths only • Only uses secondary paths when no primary are available

  33. NetApp’s Multipathing Strategy • 2 pronged strategy • Support for “native” solutions • What most customers rightly feel best about • Support for host and storage independent solution • VERITAS • Allows common solution across various server as well as storage variants

  34. Multipathing For Windows • Windows MPIO • Uses the Microsoft standard infrastructure • A/P Policy • Automatically chooses primary paths for failover before trying proxy ones • In standby the LUNS are automatically round robined across all paths

  35. MultiPathing For Solaris

  36. MultiPathing For Solaris • VERITAS DMP 4.0 • NetApp ASL 4.0 • Supports A/P, A/A, & A/A/A (Active Passive Concurrent) • SUN Native MPxIO • Not supported with standby cfmode • Supports A/P • Can be A/A but required manual failback • Manual configuration required • Round Robining of the LUNs possible • Sometimes called • Traffic Manager • Leadville Stack

  37. MultiPathing For Linux • Qlogic • A/P Policy • Manually configured • Round Robining of LUNs is possible • DCM • Linux native solution

  38. MultiPathing For AIX

  39. MultiPathing For AIX • SANpath • A/A/A • Automatically chooses primary paths for failover before trying proxy ones • Special policy for SCSI-2 reservation • Required for host clustering HACMP • Can only use A/P • VERITAS DMP 4.0 • Only supports A/A/A • IBM MPIO • IBM native solution with NetApp PCM

  40. Multipathing for HP-UX DMP 3.5 PVLinks

  41. Multipathing for HP-UX • PVlinks/LVM • A/P policy • Single active path per LUN, user controlled • Ordering for remaining paths for failover • ntap_config_paths • NETAPP script to define path ordering based on filer path types: primary, proxy • automatically round robin primary paths among all LUNS • Supports both FCP and iSCSI paths • VERITAS DMP 3.5 • A/P Policy

  42. Multipathing for VMware • VMware • A/P Policy • Manually configured • Round Robining of LUNs possible

  43. Multipathing for Netware • Novell • A/P Policy • Manually configured • Round Robining of LUNs possible

  44. Fibre Channel SAN Host Support Dual Fabric cfmode Standby cfmode Partner/SSI cfmode Windows“NTAP DSM” A/P A/P A/P Linux: Qlogic “Failover Mode” A/P A/P A/P VMware Multipathing A/P A/P A/P Solaris “DMP” A/A/A A/P A/A Solaris “MPxIO” A/P N/A A/P AIX “SANpath” A/P A/A/A N/A HP-UX “PVLinks” A/P N/A A/P Novell A/P A/P A/P

  45. Agenda • CFModes • Single System Imagine • Multipathing • Host Clustering • Storage System Backend HA • Q&A

  46. Host Clustering & Storage • LUNs need to be made visible to host simultaneously • Some Host Clustering solutions require SCSI reservations to avoid to split brain

  47. Host Clustering for Microsoft • Microsoft Cluster • SnapDrive is integrated to help configuration • WIN2K3 allows single HBA for both boot device & shared storage • Cannot grow LUN online in cluster • SnapDrive ability to very quickly grow a LUN minimizes the pain caused by this

  48. Host Clustering for VERITAS • VCS • By default does not us I/O fencing to protect against split brain • I/O fencing requires SCSI-3 reservations • 7.0.3 will have SCSI-3 reservations that are compatible with VERITAS • Does not do failover on FC links

  49. Host Clustering for HP-UX • ServiceGuard • 1 to 3 node clusters using SCSI-2 locks as arbitrator to avoid split brain • Does not do failover in dead FC links

  50. Host Clustering for AIX • HACMP • Uses SCSI-2 locks as arbitrator to avoid split brain • “setsp –b2” to enable locks with SANpath • SCSI-2 locks to active/active are mutually exclusive

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