1 / 18

Restoration Period and the 18 th Century (1660-1798)

Restoration Period and the 18 th Century (1660-1798). Monarchy. Charles II—marked beginning of Restoration Period Exiled to Europe—invited back after Oliver Cromwell’s death Set the tone of upper-class social & political life

aretha
Download Presentation

Restoration Period and the 18 th Century (1660-1798)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Restoration Period and the 18th Century(1660-1798)

  2. Monarchy • Charles II—marked beginning of Restoration Period • Exiled to Europe—invited back after Oliver Cromwell’s death • Set the tone of upper-class social & political life • Tried to emulate the sophistication & splendor of Louis XIV’s court in France • Reestablished Church of England • Parliament—shared power with Monarchy

  3. Disasters • Great Plague—1665 • Last major outbreak of bubonic plague • Killed an estimated 100,000 people (20% of London’s population) • Great Fire of London—1666 • Uncontrolled fire that lasted for 3 days in central London • Destroyed over 13,000 homes and numerous government buildings • Few deaths recorded

  4. Political Parties • Tories • Supported royal authority • Did not want war with France • Whigs • Wanted to limit royal authority with wealthy merchants and nobles • Wanted to limit French expansion in Europe and North America

  5. Other Royalty • House of Stuart • English Bill of Rights—put specific limits on royal authority • William • Tried to oppose Louis XIV with Whig support • Began series of war with France • Act of Settlement—Parliament law that permanently barred Catholics from throne • Anne—last monarch in House of Stuart • Faithfully ruler who united Scotland & England

  6. Other Royalty (continued) • House of Hanover (Germany) • Disliked by Tories • George II instituted 1st official prime minister • Seven Years’ War with France • Britain acquired Canada • George III wanted more control • Angered many due to thirst for power • Lost American colonies due to political blunders

  7. The Age of Reason & Enlightenment • People began to use scientific reasoning to understand the world • Apply reason so people could understand the natural causes of events • Scientific Method • Developed by Sir Isaac Newton • Still used today • Analyze facts • Develop a hypothesis • Test the hypothesis with experimentation

  8. Enlightenment Philosophies • Inspired by Newton’s discoveries • John Locke • Encouraged people to use their intelligence to rid themselves of unjust authorities • Rejected divine right of kings • Asserted the rights of citizens to revolt against unfair government

  9. Living Well • Improvement in living conditions • Development of smallpox vaccine • Wealthy aristocrats built lavish estates with beautiful lawns & gardens • Spacious new streets & squares in London • Coffeehouses • Gathering places for writers, artists, politicians & other members of society

  10. Women • Wanted to be educated equally as men • Wanted to be allowed to join professions to strengthen relationship between the sexes • Salons • Private gathering places where women could participate in the nation’s intellectual life

  11. Industrial Revolution • Period of major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport, and technology • Affected almost every aspect of daily life • Income and population grew • Living conditions differed greatly

  12. Improvements in Industry • Machine Operations • Iron making techniques • Introduction of canals along with improved roads and railways • Steam power fueled by coal • Gas lighting • Printing • Chemicals

  13. Literature of the Times • Social Observers • Middle class grew and prospered • Ordinary men & women had more money, leisure activities, and educational opportunities • New audience willing to read and pay for literature who wanted literature to be written in a clear language that they could understand

  14. Journalism • Newspapers flourished—restrictions were eased • The Tatler & The Spectator • Satisfied middle-class appetite for instruction & amusement • Newspapers gave opinions on everything from social manners to international politics and did not report current events

  15. More Literature • Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Dafoe • England’s 1st novel • Written in style that appealed to the masses • Novels written in forms of letters & diaries • Samuel Pepys • “The Diary of Samuel Pepys” • Real life diary that provide a glimpse of life during the times

  16. Satirical Voices • Satire was used to point out aspects of society that others felt needed to be changed • Aimed at the elite class • Neoclassicism • Modeled on the works of Ancient Greece & Rome • Stressed balance, order, logic, and emotional restraint • Focused on society and human intellect • Avoided personal feelings

  17. Authors of Satire • Alexander Pope—wrote poetry that poked fun at ladies of high society • “The Rape of the Lock”—mock epic • Jonathan Swift—savagely attacked educators, politicians, churchmen & others that he saw as corrupt • “A Modest Proposal”

  18. Literature Evolving • Types of literature that evolved • Biographies • History • Philosophy • Politics • Economics • Natural History • Poets began writing simpler, freer lyrics on subjects close to the human heart which led to the Romantic period

More Related