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English Sound Patterns

English Sound Patterns. Position of the sounds in utterances * How they are pronounced whether the sounds vary or change in utterances or connected speech, and * if they vary or change what features bring the variations or changes . The Sequences of Sounds.

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English Sound Patterns

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  1. English Sound Patterns • Position of the sounds in utterances * How they are pronounced whether the sounds vary or change in utterances or connected speech, and * if they vary or change what features bring the variations or changes

  2. The Sequences of Sounds • The sequence of sounds is the order of the sounds in utterances or connected speech. • The basic unit in which we can find the sequences of distinctive sounds (phonemes) is within words. • The sequences of sounds in English are classified into two major groups; vocalic and consonant elements

  3. The Vocalic Elements • The sequences of vocalic elements are those which form a glide with one syllable called Diphthong • The sequences of vocalic elements have regularities/ consistency in terms of • position, • letters (spelling), and • length and stress patterns with some exceptions

  4. The Regular Sequences of Vocalic Elements • The first elements; certain vocalic elements come before the others • The length and stress are put on the first element in pronouncing the words • The second elements; the elements which come after the other elements. • The seconds elements are slightly sounded • A diphthong consists of a single syllable, therefore, it is pronounced with a single impulse of breath

  5. The sequence of first and second elements • Robin (1980:75) /e/, /o/, /a/, /ɔ/, /i/, /ɛ/, u/ --- first elements /i/, /u/, /ə/ --- second elements • /ei/ front half close to close with spread lips may /mei/, made /meid/ 2) /ou/ back half close to close with rounded lips hole /houl/, go /gou/ 3) /ai/ central open with lips neutral to close front with spread lips lie /lai/, might /mait/

  6. The sequence of first and second elements (continued) 4) /au/ central open with lips neutral to close front back with rounded lips cow /kau/ owl /aul/ 5) /ɔi/ back open with rounded lips to front close with spread lips boy /bɔi/, coil /kɔil/ 6) /iə/ front close with spread lips to central half close with lips neutral pier /piə/, fierce /fiəs/ 7) /ɛə/ front half open with spread lips to central half close with lips neutral air /ɛə/, pared /pɛəd/ 8) /uə/ back close with rounded lips to central half close with lips neutral poor /puə/, gourd /guəd/

  7. The sequence of first and second elements (continued) Gimson (1978:127-145) /e/, /a/, /ɔ/, /ə/, /ɑ/, /i/, /ɛ/, /u/ --- first elements /ı/, /u/, /ə/ --- second elements 1) /eı/: late /leıt/, make /meık/ 2) /aı/: time /taım/, bite /baıt/ 3) /ɔı/: boy /bɔı/, toy /tɔı/ 4) /əu/; old /əuld/, home /həum/ 5) /ɑu/: house /hɑus/, sound /sɑund/ 6) /ıə/ : dear /dıə/, tear /tıə/ 7) /ɛə/ : care /kɛə /, rare /rɛə/ 8) /uə/ : poor /puə /, moor /muə/

  8. /ıə/

  9. The sequence of first and second elements (continued) • Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (Hornby: 1977) /e/, /ɑ/, /ɔ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /u/ --- first elements /ɪ /, /u/, /ə/ --- second elements • /eɪ/ • /ɑɪ/ • /ɔɪ/ • /əu/ • /iə/ • /eə/ • /uə/

  10. The common spelling of /eɪ/ • Regular peer 2. Some words hear, here, pier, idea, weir, weird

  11. The spelling of /ɑɪ/ • Regular bite, sight, try, tie, • Single words height, • Exceptional words buy, eye, aisle

  12. The spelling of /ɔɪ/ Regular: Voice, boy, toy, point, choice

  13. The spelling of /əu/ Common: Home, old

  14. The spelling of /iə/ • Regular peer, beard, rear 2. Some words hear, here, pier, idea, weir, weird

  15. The Spelling of /eə/ • Regular air, fair, hair • Common wear, care, where, there, their, scarce

  16. The spelling of /uə/ Common Sure, poor

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