1 / 24

Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America, 1450-1620

Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America, 1450-1620. AP U.S. History: Chapter 1 Overview. Las Casas (1542): “it looked as if God has placed all of or the greater part of the entire human race in these countries.”

argus
Download Presentation

Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America, 1450-1620

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America, 1450-1620 AP U.S. History: Chapter 1 Overview

  2. Las Casas (1542): “it looked as if God has placed all of or the greater part of the entire human race in these countries.” • Sebastián Vizicaíno (1602): “I have trembled more than eight hundred leagues along the coast and kept a record of all the people I encountered. The coast is populated by an endless number of Indians.”

  3. New England colonist (1630s): “And the bones and skulls upon the several places of their habitations made such a spectacle” that the Massachusetts woodlands “heavily urbanized populations were wiped out.”

  4. What questions should we be asking in response to these passages?

  5. Where we’re going • Native American Societies • Europe and Africa Enter the Scene, 1450-1550 • Spanish Exploration and Conquest • The Protestant Reformation and Rise of England • Social Causes of English Colonization

  6. Native American Societies:We’re comin’ to America (sort of) • 20,000 years ago when last Ice Age created 100-mile land bridge over Bering Strait

  7. What 3 things first come to mind when you think of Native Americans?

  8. Towa people trade with Apaches

  9. Native American Societies • Complex and large -Mesoamerica and S. America: 40 million -N. America: 7 million • Advanced farming-plant domestication • Trade networks with neighbors • Ag surpluspopulation growth, class specialization, city-state formation • Pyramids and temples

  10. Elite class of nobles and priests (supported by taxes from peasant farmers) ruled through descent from sun god, waged war against neighboring chiefdoms, patronized skilled artists • Large populations overburden environment (depletes food supply, leads to disease) • Economic crises lead to migration

  11. Gender • Division of labor: males hunt or fight; females maintain village life (rear kids, tend crops, administer laws/rules of tribe) • Many tribes were matrilineal (tribal rights/responsibilities and social station determined by bloodline of mother)

  12. Despite technological and social developments… • Lacked full-scale defense system • Large geographical distances between tribes • Frequent internal wars • Distinct cultural and linguistic differences

  13. European Agricultural Society • 90% of population peasants • Cooperative farming and exploitation by landlords • Seasonal patterns of birth and death indicate rural nature of peasant existence • High mortality rates: hunger, disease, violence • Significance???

  14. Hierarchy and Authority • Rule from above: kings and princes live in splendor • Noblemen challenge royal authority (French parlements and English House of Lords) • Males rule women and children • Social order and security

  15. Power of Religion • Catholic Church • Crusades 1096-1291: Muslims and pagans (polytheists)

  16. The Renaissance Changes Europe, 1300-1500 • “Rebirth” of learning, economic development, and cultural life • Civic humanism: public virtue and service to the state—created by ruling class of moneyed elite…is coming to America • Machiavelli’s The Prince: alliance of monarchs, merchants, and royal bureaucrats • How could this alliance be mutually beneficial?

  17. Mercantilism • An economic policy that encourages domestic manufacturing and foreign trade • Monarchs allow merchants to trade and grant privileges to gilds (merchants  ) • Monarchs extract taxes from towns and loans from merchants (monarchs  )… • to support their armies and officials (bureaucrats  ) Sig???

  18. German cartographer • Date?

  19. Europeans Explore America • Which European country first dominated the exploration and colonization of the New World?

  20. King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabel of Castile • Married to unify their Christian kingdoms • Finished the reconquista: in 1492 captured the last Islamic state in Western Europe and… • Provided financial backing for Christopher Columbus to find a western route to Asia and bring Christianity • 3 more expeditionscolonization of West Indies

  21. A “New” World • “America” after Amerigo Vespucci—decided land was not Asia but a “nuevo mundo”

  22. The Spanish Conquest • Ruled people of the Indies with an iron hand • Rumors of rich Indian kingdoms in the interior • 1519 Hernan Cortes launches invasion and conquest of the Aztec Empire • Moctezuma believes Cortes may be a returned god and allows him to enter without challenge

  23. Why Spain victorious? • Luck • Indian allies • Superb negotiation skills • Superior military tech. • Internal divisions • Female native interpreter • Disease • Smallpox ruins Tenochtitlan, so Cortes takes the city… measles, influenza, smallpox

  24. Columbian Exchange

More Related