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SUPERCOMPUTERS & PARALLELISM

SUPERCOMPUTERS & PARALLELISM. OVERVIEW. HISTORY. * Numbers from Extremetech.com and IPSJ Computer Museum. DEVELOPERS. SUPERCOMPUTER USES. PRIMARY USES:. SUPERCOMPUTER USES. SUPERCOMPUTERS are used in a variety of fields. CHIP SELECTION PROCESS. MASSIVE PARALLELISM. VARIOUS ARCHITECTURES.

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SUPERCOMPUTERS & PARALLELISM

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  1. SUPERCOMPUTERS&PARALLELISM
  2. OVERVIEW
  3. HISTORY * Numbers from Extremetech.com and IPSJ Computer Museum
  4. DEVELOPERS
  5. SUPERCOMPUTER USES PRIMARY USES:
  6. SUPERCOMPUTER USES SUPERCOMPUTERS are used in a variety of fields
  7. CHIP SELECTION PROCESS
  8. MASSIVE PARALLELISM
  9. VARIOUS ARCHITECTURES
  10. ARCHITECTURE TODAY
  11. HYBRID ARCHITECTURE General Purpose Graphics Accelerators
  12. IBM’S WATSON * Image Courtesy of IBM Won Jeopardy! Greatest technological breakthrough of the century Natural Language Processing (NLP) Decision support tool Paradigm shift Implications for society
  13. WATSON’S HARDWARE
  14. WATSON’S DESIGN
  15. CRAY’S XK6 * Image Courtesy Cray, Inc.
  16. XK6 HYBRID COMPUTE NODE
  17. GEMINI INTERCONNECT * Image Courtesy of Cray, Inc. Connects pairs of Compute Nodes Utilizes HyperTransport 3.0 Technology Eliminates PCI Bottlenecks Peak of 20GB/s bandwidth per node Provides 48 Port Router Provides 4 Lanes per Compute Node with ECC Auto-detects errors in Lanes Utilizes Connectionless Protocol Scales from 100’s to 100,000’s of compute nodes No increase in buffer
  18. GEMINI INTERCONNECT (CONT.) * Image Courtesy of Nersc Connected via 3D Torus Link Supports Millions of MPI messages per Second * Image Courtesy Cray, Inc.
  19. HARDWARE SUPERVISORY SYSTEM
  20. MISC. SPECIFICATIONS Network Connectivity InfiniBand Fibre Channel 10 Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet Cooling Options Air-Cooled ECOphlex Liquid Cooling Disk Array Connectivity Fibre Channel SATA Power 45-54.1 kW per cabinet 3 Phase 100 Amp 480 Volt and 125 Amp 400 Volt
  21. SYSTEM RESILIENCY
  22. XK6 SYSTEM CABINET Compute Node Memory Quad Channel 16GB or 32GB DDR3 per Processor 6GB GDDR5 per GPU System Cabinets Can support up to 96 Compute Nodes 3TB of Main Memory 576GB of GPU Memory Peak Performance of 70+ Teraflops Complete System Scalable up to 500,000 Total Scalar Processing Cores Up to 50 Petaflops hybrid peak performance
  23. SUMMARY
  24. Works Cited Anthony, Sebastian. “The History of Supercomputers" EXTREMETECH.com. Ziff Davis Media, 10 April 2012. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/125271-the-history-of-supercomputers>. Anthony, Sebastian. "What Can You Do with a Supercomputer?" EXTREMETECH.com. Ziff Davis Media, 15 Mar. 2012. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/122159-what-can-you-do-with-a-supercomputer/2>. Betts, B. "Supercomputing To Go." Engineering & Technology (17509637) 7.2 (2012): 42-45. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. Blaise Barney, L. L. (2012, 2 14). Message Passing Interface. Retrieved 4 29, 2012, from High Performance Computing: High Performance Computing: <https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/mpi/#What>. Cray, Inc. (2012). Cray XK6 Specifications. Retrieved 4 29, 2012, from Cray, Inc.: <http://www.cray.com/Products/XK6/Specifications.aspx>. Cray, Inc. (2012). Scalable Many-Core Performance. Retrieved 4 29, 2012, from Cray, Inc.: <http://www.cray.com/Products/XK6/Technology.aspx>. Cray, Inc. - The Supercomputer Company - Products - Cray XK6 System. (2012). Retrieved 4 29, 2012, from Cray, Inc.: < http://www.cray.com/Products/XK6/XK6.aspx>. CrayXK6Brocure.pdf. (2011). Retrieved 4 29, 2012, from Cray, Inc.: <http://www.cray.com/Assets/PDF/products/xk/CrayXK6Brochure.pdf>. Edwards, C. "The Exascale Challenge." Engineering & Technology (17509637) 5.18 (2010): 53-55. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Farber, Robert M. "Topical Perspective On Massive Threading And Parallelism." Journal Of Molecular Graphics & Modelling 30.(2011): 82-89. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Geller, Tom. "Supercomputing's Exaflop Target." Communications Of The ACM 54.8 (2011): 16-18. Business Source Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. "Historical Computers in Japan: Supercomputers." IPSJ Computer Museum. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/super/index.html>. Hopper Interconnect. (2012, 3 2). Retrieved 4 29, 2012, from NERSC: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center: <http://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/hopper/configuration/interconnect/>. Kroeker, Kirk L. "Weighing Watson's Impact." Communications Of The ACM 54.7 (2011): 13-15. Business Source Complete. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Manfield, Lisa. "Dr. Watson Will See You Now." Backbone (2011): 32-34. Business Source Complete. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Schor, Marshall. "Open Architecture Helps Watson Understand Natural Language." IBMRESEARCHNEWS.com. 6 Apr. 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. <http://ibmresearchnews.blogspot.com/2011/04/open-architecture-helps-watson.html>. "SPARC64 VIIIfx": A Fast, Reliable, Low-Power CPU : Fujitsu Global."SPARC64 VIIIfx": A Fast, Reliable, Low-Power CPU : Fujitsu Global. Fujitsu. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. <http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/tech/k/whatis/processor/>. Smartest Machine on Earth. Dir. Nova. PBS. PBS, 9 Feb. 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/smartest-machine-on-earth.html>. Taft, Daryl K. "IBM's Watson: 'Jeopardy' Win Is Just The Beginning." Eweek 28.5 (2011): 22-23. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. "What Makes IBM's Watson Run?" ZDNET.com. CBS Interactive, 4 Feb. 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. <https://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/what-makes-ibms-watson-run/8208>. Willard, Chris. "Revisiting Supercomputer Architectures." HPCWIRE.com. Tabor Communications Inc., 8 Dec. 2011. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http://www.hpcwire.com/hpcwire/2011-12-08/revisiting_supercomputer_architectures.html>.
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