ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTION Africa Regional Report

1. ALMATY PROGRAMME OF ACTIONAfrica Regional Report AFRICAN REGIONAL REVIEW MEETING Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 16-18 July 2013 Dr. Robert M. Okello Robert.Okello@Lyciar.com Lyciar Dare to Know United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

2. PRIORITIES OF APOA • Fundamental Transit Policy Issues. • Infrastructure Development and Maintenance. • International Trade and Trade Facilitation. • International Support Measures. • Implementation and Review. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

3. 16 AFRICAN LLDCs United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

4. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA2003 - 2013 • Africa as a whole made good and steady progress: • HDI improved and Gap narrowed between LLDCs and Transit Countries. • MDG Achievements significant – LLDCs as well as Transit Countries. • But inequalities increased among and within. • ODA is still significant, but FDI and Remittances now more important. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

5. PRIORITY 1: FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY ISSUES • 3 Major Dimensions of Transit Transport: • International legal frameworks govern facilitation of the transit transport • Institutional framework for operations and management of transit transport • Infrastructure for transport mode - road, railways, port, airport, inland waterways, pipelines. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

6. International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa • 3 Levels of Participation: • African Participation in International Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport • Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport • Africa Sub-Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport (RECs) • pipelines. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

7. International Legal Frameworks for Transit Transport in Africa United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

8. Africa Regional Treaties and Conventions on Transit Transport United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

9. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

10. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors Vehicle Load and Dimensions Control (Axle load and Gross Vehicle Mass limits): EAC/COMESA: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed SADC: Yes - Axle Load; GVM; Weighbridges installed ECOWAS: Yes – Inter-State Road Transport (TIE); Axle Load; GVM United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

11. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors • Road Transit Charges • EAC/COMESA/SADC: Harmonized • ECCAS and ECOWAS: None • Third Party Motor Vehicle Insurance Schemes • EAC/COMESA/SADC: Yellow Card • ECCAS: Orange Card • ECOWAS: Brown Card/Carte Brune insurance scheme (Convention A/P1/5/82) – ECOWAS CIMA Code United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

12. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors • Road Customs Transit Declaration Document • EAC/COMESA: COMESA Customs Declaration Document (CD- COM) • SADC: Single Administrative Document (SAD) • ECCAS: None • ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transit Scheme (ISRT) – Convention A/P4/5/82 and Supplementary Convention A/SP.1/5/90 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

13. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors • Regional Customs Bond • EAC/COMESA/SADC: Customs Bond Guarantee Scheme - Harmonized • ECCAS – None • ECOWAS - Customs Agreements on Inter-State Road Transit (TRIE Convention) • Border Posts Operations • 15 OSBP envisaged; 7 under development in East Africa • Chirundu OSBP Pilot; Other OSBP Projects in NSC • ECCAS and ECOWAS - None United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

14. Institutional Framework for Management and Operations of Transit Transport Corridors • Road Check Points • EAC/COMESA: Significant reduction • ECOWAS: Interstate Road Transport (IST) – Convention A/P.2/5/82 • ICT for Vehicle Tracking and Fleet Management • All RECs: ASCYUDA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

15. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE.s TAH ALLIGNMENTS United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

16. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. • East Africa Corridors. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

17. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE. • East Africa Corridors. • Northern Corridor (TAH 8) – Mombasa Port; Multimodal • Central Corridor (TAH 4)– Dar es Salaam Port; Multimodal • Djibouti – Addis Ababa Corridor (TAH 6)– Djibouti Port; Road and Rail • LAPSSET – Lamu Port; Project Stage • Mwambani Economic Corridor – Tanga Port; Project Conception Stage United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

18. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE • Southern African Corridors United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

19. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE • Southern Africa • Dar es Salaam Corridor (TAH 4) – Multi-Modal • Maputo Corridor – Multi-Modal • Nacala Corridor • Beira Corridor (TAH 9) • North-South Corridor (TAH 9) – Multi-Modal • Walvis Bay Corridor Group (WBCG): - Trans Caprivi Corridor (TCC) - Trans Kalahari Corridor (TKC) – TAH 10 - Trans Cunene Corridor United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

20. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE West Africa Corridors United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

21. PRIORITY 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE • West Africa • Dakar – Bamako Corridor (TAH 5): Multimodal • Tema – Ouagadougou Corridor: Road • Abidjan – Ouagadougou: Road and Rail • Lome – Ouagadougou: Road • Cotonou – Niamey: Road and rail • Central Africa • Douala – Bangui Corridor • Douala – Ndjamena Corridor • Point-Noire Corridor (TAH 3) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

22. PRIORITY 3: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION • Africa’s External Trade performance – Global Share Marginal Increase from 2.3% in 2000 to 3.2% in 2010. • However, significant increase in export values of African LLDCs, except Swaziland. • African LLDCs Export Concentration in2010/2011 very high on raw commodities (Mali 79% Gold, Botswana 75.6% Diamonds, Malawi 58.4% Tobacco, etc.) • African Export Market Concentration shifting from Traditional EU dominance towards Emerging Economies (China) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

23. Africa Export Trade Concentration United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

24. Trade Facilitation • Trade Costs and Major Bottlenecks: • Ease of Doing Business: • LLDCs showed encouraging improvement in key indicators between 2006 and 2012 – DE/I, TE/I, CE/CI • LLDCs continue to perform below Transit countries in all aspects. • Logistics Performance Index: • Few African LLDCs and Transit Countries improved Global Rankings between 2007 and 2012: Botswana, Malawi, Uganda, Niger, Zimbabwe; and Benin, Tanzania, Namibia, Togo, Ghana. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

25. Trade Facilitation Initiativess • National Initiatives: Rwanda, Mali, Swaziland, Malawi, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe • Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) • One-Stop Border Posts (OSBP) or Joint Border Posts (JBP) • Aid for Trade (AfT) • Trade Facilitation Facility – US$40m Trust Fund for LDCs United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

26. PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURESs • Global Support to Africa • UN – OSSA, OHRLLS, UNECA, Inter-Agency Coordination • Global Initiatives (Brussels and Johannesburg) • G8 – Kananaskis – AAP (2002); Evian – OECD/APF(2003); Gleneagles – Blair Commission (2005), etc. • WTO – AfT • WCO – Capacity Building United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

27. PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES • Bilateral Support: • EU – EBA, EPA • UK/DFID – Country; Regional (TradeMark); Continental (AFTI, EIF) • USA/USAID – Continental (AGOA); Regional (Trade Hubs); Country (MCC) • JAPAN/TICAD-JICA – Regional (OSBP) • CANADA/CIDA – ATC • France, China, India, Brazil, Turkey United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

28. PRIORITY 4: INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURESs • IFIs: • WB - SSATP • AFDB – (NEPAD, ICA, IPPF, PIDA) • Arab Funds – IDB, BADEA, KDF • Other African Infrastructure Funds – AFC, PAIDF, ICF, AFP. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

29. PRIORITY 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEWs • Country Reports on National Implementation and Review – Burkina Faso, Burundi, Swaziland, Zambia • Implementation and Review at the Global Level • African Regional Review United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

30. Emerging Issuess • Civil Conflicts – Kenya, CI, CAR • Greater Regional Integration • Global Economic and Financial Crises • Climate Change • Population, Urbanization and Migration • Technological Advances • Emergence of New Economic Power Poles • Governance and Natural Resources Management United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

31. Way Forwards • Development of Fundamental Transit Transport Policy – Accession and Implementation of International Agreements • Improving Transport Infrastructure • Alternate Routes to LLDCs • Greater Inter-Modal Balance • Supportive Infrastructure – ICT and Energy United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

32. Way Forwards • Strengthening International Trade and Trade Facilitation • Developing Productive Capacity and Diversifying the Export Base • Management of Natural Resources • Promoting Investment • Facilitation of Trade • Deepening Regional Cooperation and Integration • WTO Trade Negotiations United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

33. Way Forwards • International Support Measures • Framework for Partnership with Emerging Markets – China, India, Brazil, Turkey, etc. • Harnessing Demographic Dividends • Special Case of CAR, CHAD, South Sudan United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

34. Thank You Robert.Okello@lyciar.com United Nations Economic Commission for Africa