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03 – Information Processing: Expressions, Operators & Functions

03 – Information Processing: Expressions, Operators & Functions. Questions: Events. Consider the following code: a) How many unique events does it contain? b) Name the event(s ). Sub btnAns_OnClick() document.bgcolor = "yellow" lblComment.innertext = "Correct, well done!"

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03 – Information Processing: Expressions, Operators & Functions

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  1. 03 – Information Processing:Expressions, Operators & Functions

  2. Questions: Events • Consider the following code: a) How many unique events does it contain? b) Name the event(s). Sub btnAns_OnClick() document.bgcolor = "yellow" lblComment.innertext = "Correct, well done!" document.bgcolor = "cyan" lblComment.innertext = "Sorry, try again" End Sub 1 Click OnClick

  3. Questions: Properties • Consider the following code: a) How many uniqueproperties does it contain? b) Name the properties. Sub btnAns_OnClick() document.bgcolor = "yellow" lblComment.innertext = "Correct, well done!" document.bgcolor = "cyan" lblComment.innertext = "Sorry, try again" End Sub 2 bgcolor, innertext

  4. Questions: Keywords • Consider the following code: a) How many uniquekeywords does it contain? b) Name the keywords. Sub btnAns_OnClick() document.bgcolor = "yellow" lblComment.innertext = "Correct, well done!" document.bgcolor = "cyan" lblComment.innertext = "Sorry, try again" End Sub 2 Sub End

  5. Session Aims & Objectives • Aims • Introduce you to main processing concepts, i.e. expressions, operators and functions • Objectives,by end of this week’s sessions, you should be able to: • evaluate expressions • assign a value to a object's property, • using combination of literal values, operators, functions, and identifiers

  6. Meet George • Common Boa Constrictor • boa constrictor imperator • Native toCentral & SouthAmerica • No venom(no poison)

  7. Looking after George • Problem: • Difficult to keep • Require temperature and humidity controlled environment • Much of the literature is from the US • Temperature in Fahrenheit: 80-85F day, 78F minimum at night (P Vosjoli 1998) • Solution • Need a program to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit

  8. Example: Temp • SPECIFICATION • User Requirements • help snake keeper convert from fahrenheit to celcius • Software Requirements • Functional: • enter fahrenheit value • display celsius value • Non-functionalshould be quick and easy to use • User Requirements • describe user's objectivesno mention of technology • Software Requirements • Functional • list facilities to be provided (often numbered) • Non-functional • list desired characteristics(often more subjective)

  9. Information Processing Input Data Process Output Data 7 + 16 9 • All computing problems: • involve processinginformation/data • information has meaning (e.g. 5lb 3.3kg 18 years) • data has no meaning (e.g 5 3.3 18) • following this pattern: • For example: • to add two numbers: 7 + 9 = 16

  10. Information Processing (cont.) • Hence, to solve any computing problem ask: • what information goes in • what processing is done to it • what information comes out

  11. Example: Temp (User Interface) <html> <head> <title>Temperature</title> </head> <body> <p>Fahrenheit: <input id="txtFah" style="background-color: lime" type="text" /> <input id="btnCalc" type="button" value="Calculate" /></p> <p id="parCel" style="background-color: Yellow; width: 100px;">0</p> </body> </html>

  12. Example: Temp (processing) Fahrenheit Process Celsius • To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius: e.g. Fahrenheit is: 50 c= 10

  13. Operators • Sit between the data = assignment operator5 + 2 addition operator result is 7 5 - 2 subtraction operator result is 3 5 * 2 multiplication operator result is 10 5 / 2 division operator result is 2.5 • convert mathematical symbols into operators: c= ((f – 32) * 5) / 9

  14. Symbolic Representation Puts 50 into txtFah.ValueThe symbol txtFah.Value now represents 50 • Symbols (names) represent data txtFah.Value = 50 • replace mathematical symbols with objects:parCel.innertext = ((txtFah.value - 32) * 5) / 9

  15. Expressions • The following assignmentstatement:parCel.innertext = ((txtFah.value - 32) * 5) / 9 contains an expression • Given: txtFah.Value = "68"can evaluate expression:parCel.innertext = ((txtFah.value - 32) * 5) / 9(from above)parCel.innertext = ((68 - 32) * 5) / 9 (substitute)lblResult.InnerText = 20 (calculate)

  16. Example: Temp (code) <html> <head> <title>Untitled Page</title> <script language="vbscript"> Sub btnCalc_OnClick() parCel.innertext = ((txtfah.value - 32) * 5) / 9 End Sub </script> </head> <body> <p>Fahrenheit: <input id="txtFah" style="background-color: lime" type="text" /> <input id="btnCalc" type="button" value="Calculate" /></p> <p id="parCel" style="background-color: Yellow; width: 100px;">0</p> </body> </html>

  17. Expression Evaluation

  18. Expression Errors data data data data operator operator operator many peopleinstinctively knowthese are wrong • 23 + 11 - txtNum1.Value * 2 • 34 + * 12 + txtNum1.Value doodod • txtNum1.Value + 1 – 21 45 dododd

  19. Example: Ball Char (v2) • Functional Decomposition • Incremental Development • Get ball char to move automatically: • get ball char to appear on left of page • get ball char to move right on page

  20. Client-side Object Model • window object – properties include: • .status: get/set status barwindow.status = “Hello” • .close: close current windowwindow.close • .SetInterval: allow timed actions • document object – properties include: • .title: get/set title of page • .write: write text to page • .bgColor: get/set background colour of page • .location: get/set current location of browser

  21. Example: Ball Char (v2) <html> <head> <title>Ball Char v2</title> <script language="VBScript"> Sub window_OnLoad() window.SetInterval "MoveBallRight", 50 End Sub Sub MoveBallRight() picBall.hspace = picBall.hspace + 5 End Sub </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#00ff00"> <p><img id=picBall src="BallChar.jpg" hspace=0 vspace=11></p> </body> </html> Procedure name Interval(in milliseconds: 1000 = 1s)

  22. Functions & Operators • Used to: • process (manipulate) data • Both Functions & Operators: • take input data/parameters (1 or more item) • process it • return a result • which replaces the expression (substitution) Function Parameter(s) Result SQR (16) 4

  23. Functions (cont.) • Functions: come before the data (which is in brackets)Sqr(16) square root result is 4Abs(-23) absolute value result is 23Int(2.543) integer result is 2Sin(3.1) sine result is 0.998Cos(0) cosine result is 1

  24. Questions: Expressions • What is the result of: Int(12.93) / 2 • What is the result of:1 + Int(5.76786) + Sqr(Int(9.4523)) • Write an expression to: give the square root of 9 • Write an expression to:give the integer value of 16.7658765 6 1 + 5 + 3 = 9 Sqr(9) Int(16.7658765)

  25. Absolute Positioning picBall.style.pixeltop picBall.style.pixelleft picBall.height picBall.width document.body.clientwidth • change properties – change position

  26. Example: Space v1 Shuffles random number generator Picks random number between 0 and 1 <html> <head> <title>Space Explorer</title> <script language=vbscript> Sub window_OnLoad() Randomize imgAstr.style.pixeltop = 100 End Sub Sub btnRand_OnClick() imgAstr.style.pixelleft = CInt(Rnd() * 300) parRand.innertext = imgAstr.style.pixelleft End Sub </script> </head> <body> <input id=btnRand type=button value=Random /> <p id=parRand></p> <img id=imgAstr src="ASTR.gif" style="position: absolute;" /> </body> </html>

  27. Example: Navigation • Survey ship • mapping sea bed • must avoid oil rigs • 8km of streamers(with hydrophones) • 7-9 hours to turn • know • cable length (500m) • cable angle • work out • how far out

  28. Example: Navigation • Need to ensure horizontal distance • between ship and outer bouy (a) is less than • between ship and oil rig (b) b • bouy moves with current • sensor equipment worth ~£30 million • impossible to replace quickly a

  29. Trigonometry: Triangles SOH CAH TOA Sin(ang) = O/H O = Sin(ang) * H Cos(ang) = A/H A = Cos(ang) * H Tan(ang) = O/A angle (ang) hypotenuse (H) =500m adjacent (A) opposite (O)

  30. Trigonometry: Radians π π/2 • Radians used by computers instead of degrees: 0 or 360 deg (0 or 6.2 rad) (4.65 rad) 270 deg 90 deg (1.55 rad) 180 deg (3.1 rad) rad = (deg/180) * 3.1

  31. Example: Navigation <html> <head> <title>Navigation</title> <script language=vbscript> Sub Window_OnLoad() imgShip.style.left = 100 imgShip.style.top = 200 imgOilR.style.left = 150 imgOilR.style.top = 100 End Sub </script> </head> <body> <p> Angle: <input id=txtAngle type=text value=10 /> <input id=btnCalc type=button value=Calc /> </p> <p id=parAngle></p> <img id=imgShip src=Ship.gif style="position: absolute" /> <img id=imgBouy src=Bouy.gif style="position: absolute" /> <img id=imgOilR src=OilR.gif style="position: absolute" /> </body> </html>

  32. Tutorial Exercises: Temperature • LEARNING OBJECTIVE: to assign a value to a object's property, • using combination of literal values, operators, functions, and identifiers • Task 1: get the temperature example working • Task 2: modify the temperature example so that it has two extra buttons – a plus and minus to increase and decrease the temperature

  33. Tutorial Exercises: Exchange • LEARNING OBJECTIVE: to assign a value to a object's property, • using combination of literal values, operators, functions, and identifiers • Task 1: create a new page that helps the user covert from Pounds to Dollarsuse the web to find the current exchange rate • Task 2: Use the FormatNumber function to display the result to 2 decimal places.HINT: FormatNumber(12.4567, 3) gives 12.456

  34. Tutorial Exercises: Ball Char • LEARNING OBJECTIVE: to assign a value to a object's property, • using combination of literal values, operators, functions, and identifiers • Task 1: get the ball char (v2) example working • Task 2: add a button that resets the ball char's horizontal position to 0 • Task 3: add a text box that allows the user to enter the rate of increase • Task 4: add a button that stops the ball char moving. HINT: button should put 0 into the text box • Task 5: add two buttons – one for fast and one for slow • Task 6: add two more buttons – one for fast backwards and one for slow backwards • Task 7: use the properties window to hide the speed text box. • Task 8: change the page to use absolute positioning.

  35. Tutorial Exercises: Navigation • LEARNING OBJECTIVE: to assign a value to a object's property, • using combination of literal values, operators, functions, and identifiers • Task 1: get the Navigation example workingwhen the user clicks the Calc button, your program should calculate the angle in radians, and use this to re-position the bouy • Task 2: modify the Navigation example so that the plus and minus buttons change the number of degrees by a value of 5

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