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EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION. IDEAS, THEORIES AND EARLY EVIDENCE!!. Need to know…. -genetics basics. TRUE OF FALSE??. TYPES OF MUTATIONS. -meiosis and mitosis. What’s so special about these guys???.

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EVOLUTION

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  1. EVOLUTION IDEAS, THEORIES AND EARLY EVIDENCE!!

  2. Need to know….-genetics basics TRUE OF FALSE?? TYPES OF MUTATIONS

  3. -meiosis and mitosis

  4. What’s so special about these guys??? …male moth - large feathery antennae for sensing female sex hormones….wings enable insects to fly: survival advantages young blue-footed boobies have webbed feet for swimming and thick dense feathers for both flight and for insulation.

  5. Can you figure our what adaptations these organisms have??

  6. -Mendel’s Law’s of Inheritance….

  7. a) F1- now a single genotype, AaHh. The parent generation contained two different genotypes, AAHH and aahh. • (b) The ratio is 1:1 for both A:a and H:h • (c) No. The ratios are still 1:1 for both A:a and H:h. The number and variety of genotypes has been altered but not the relative proportion of each allele. • (d) The results of the Punnett square (below) suggest that the allele ratios will remain unchanged in the F2 generation. • In F2there are 16 A’s, 16 a’s, 16 H’s, and 16 h’s for ratios of 1:1 in each case.

  8. Over a million different species-past and present, on Earth… Extremely diverse in appearance…. Fundamentally similar at cellular and molecular level! Puzzles and Hypotheses!!

  9. Explains origin of species and history of life on Earth! Evolution: the processes that have transformed life from its earliest forms to the enormous diversity of today! “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” Theory of Evolution…

  10. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection – Nov 24th 1859 ~Charles Darwin • The first CONVINCING case for evolution: accounts for both diversity and unity of living things!! addresses issues to: -account for diversity of living things -clarify origins and relationships -explain similarities & differences -justify geographic distribution -explain adaptations to the environment

  11. Darwin… made two major points: • Species evolved from ancestoral species and were not specifically created. • Natural Selection in a mechanism that could result in evolutionary change.

  12. Plato-Idealism Aristotle-Scala Nature Creationist Linneaus-falther of taxonomy Controversy… Life is immutable-unchanging… Ussher-Earth created October 23rd, 4004 BC In contrast: Darwin’s Earth is much older… Life on Earth is changing…

  13. Evidence for an Older and Changing Earth! • FOSSILS: - relics or impressions or organisms from the past, preserved in rock. FOSSILS: • Most found in sedimentary rock - layers of sand and mud compressed.

  14. How do they form? FOSSILIZATION PROCESSES Original Soft Parts Freezing Drying Amber Peat Bogs Original Hard Parts Altered Soft Parts Carbonization Trace Fossils Molds Casts Tracks Burrows Borings Coprolites Gastroliths Altered Hard PartsPermineralization Replacement Petrification Tar Pits Pseudofossils Dendrites Concretions

  15. Fossilization-in action • http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/dinosaurs/making_fossils/makingfossils/index.shtml

  16. Cuvier, fossils, and catastrophism Georges Cuvier - Paleontologist Life's history was recorded in fossil-containing strata.

  17. CONTRIBUTIONS • Fossils of simple organisms exist in all strata • Remains of complex organisms are only found in the more shallow strata • More distinct fossils were found deeper • Determinied relative age of fossils based on strata • EXTINCTION is FACT • “theory of catastrophism”

  18. ABSOLUTE AGE • Kelvin-1866-calculation based on cooling process 400 my…revised to 15-20 my • 1903 – Curie discovers radioactive decay…cooling estimate invalid • Oldest rock on Earth – 3.9 by • Meteorites/moon rocks – 4.5-4.6 by THANKS TO RADIOMETRIC DATING…. Earth = 4.6 billion years old

  19. -radioactive isotope decay-parent isotope becomes daughter-half life FOR MORE INFO:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating

  20. Pathway Clear for Evolutionary Biologists! • Fossils indicate traces of organisms that are now extinct and demonstrate changes in complexity and diversity of living things… life forms are NOT immutable! • Age of Earth is determined to be OLD…more than long enough to accommodate evolutionary developments!

  21. Next we look at Early ideas about Evolution!

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