Syndrome X Insulin Resistance Metabolic Syndrome

1. Syndrome X Insulin ResistanceMetabolic Syndrome Healthy Wednesday Club 20th February, 2008 with Richard Hill & Sue Davis

2. Uh-oh

3. Bad, Scary News • Sugar is an addiction like tobacco and alcohol • Obesity is now the main association with poor health (overtaking tobacco) • Teenagers have insulin resistance • Half of children born this century will have diabetes II by the age of 30

4. Normal Insulin (from pancreas) helps glucose (broken down from carbohydrates) to enter the cell to give the cell energy Insulin does this by attaching to a receptor on the outer wall of the cell Insulin converts the excess Glucose into a starch – glycogen for storage in the muscles and liver for later use.

5. Insulin Resistance Too much glucose, especially from refined carbohydrates causes the pancreas to produce lots of insulin the cells are overwhelmed and shut down receptors Insulin can’t get the glucose out of the blood and into cells so it turns the glucose into fat instead (triglycerides)

7. Visceral Fat

9. Professor Gerald Raven - 1988

10. Lifestyle-Based Causes of Disease Nutrition Inactivity Stress Smoking Sleep Inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, myokines etc. Low Grade Systemic Inflammation Insulin Resistance Risk Factors DISEASE Metabolic Psychological Cancers Osteopathic Pulmonary Sensory Reproductive Gastro-Int Dermatological. O B E S I T Y

11. More glucose from too much refined carbohydrate, too often Pancreas produces more insulin to cope High glucose AND high insulin pre-diabetic syndrome Pancreas finally gives up Diabetes II – late onset diabetes

12. IDF Criteria for Defining Metabolic Syndrome X. CENTRAL OBESITY: Defined according to ethnicity: >94 for Europid men >80 for Europid women(10cm less for Asians/Indians etc) • XX. PLUS ANY TWO OF THE FOLLOWING: • Raised TG: (>1.7mmol/L) • Decreased HDL: (M<1.0 mmol/L; F<1.3 mmol/L) • Raised Blood Pressure: Systolic BP >130mmHG Diastolic BP >85mmHG D. Raised Fasting Plasma Glucose: >5.6 mmol/L

13. Also – • Fatigue • Agitated, jittery, moody, headaches • Intestinal bloating – gas • Sleepiness • Weight gain • Depression

14. What to do STOP THIS

15. DO THIS EXERCISE

17. And do this Healthy, low GI, whole foods

18. Glucaemic Index GI is the effect that food has to raise blood glucose over 2 hours

19. GI 3 tbsp glucose = 50 grams pure carbohydrate = 200 gms of spagetti = 5 oranges Carbohydrates are how many calories food contains 1gm = 4 calories 1 tbsp honey = 17g carb (= 68 cals) - GI 58 ½ cup Lima Beans = 17g carb (= 68 cals) - GI 32

20. On Packaging • Low GI – less than 55 • Moderate GI – 56 to 70 • High GI – greater than 70 www.glycemicindex.com

21. Vegetables - GI • High GI – potato, carrots, pumpkin, corn, sweet potato • High Carbs, Low GI – beetroot, peas • Normal servings of carrots, pumpkin and potatoes eaten with protein will lower GI effect

22. Bread – GI (per slice) Low GI – Chapati (Indian bread made from chickpea flour) GI – 27 Pumpernickel GI – 52 Sourdough GI – 52 Stone ground GI – 53 Standard white GI - 70

23. Fruits GI Low: Grapefruit – 25 Cherries – 22 Apples - 38 Pears - 38 Dried apricots - 31 Med - High: Oranges - 44 Grapes - 46 Mango - 55 Apricots - 57 Watermelon - 72

24. Gatorade (1 cup) - 78Approx 3 cups per bottle

25. AND DO THIS Good quality Supplements Especially antioxidants

26. A meal replacement program That encourages you eat

27. Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 84 No 2 January 16, 2006 • Professor Gary Eggar - SCU • Are meal replacements and effective clinical tool for weight loss? • Clinical trials show partial meal replacement products to be safe, acceptable and effective when used as part of an overall low energy diet.

28. Side effects of weight loss • Homocystine levels • Oxidation – free radicals • Energy loss • Depression • Medications – weight gain • Starvation

29. AND THIS Romance, Beauty and Joy mind – body – soul connection

31. Lifestyle-Based Causes of Disease Nutrition Inactivity Stress Smoking Sleep Inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, myokines etc. Low Grade Systemic Inflammation Insulin Resistance Risk Factors DISEASE Metabolic Psychological Cancers Osteopathic Pulmonary Sensory Reproductive Gastro-Int Dermatological. O B E S I T Y

32. Distal Causes Medial Causes Proximal Causes Risk factors/ Markers Dis-ease ‘Metaflammation’, ‘Ecoflammmation’, health & the environment • Energy use • Social pressure • Peer pressure (“Lifestyle”) Individual •‘Metaflammation’ • Insulin resistance • Obesity etc. Biological Pathology • Over-nutrition • Inactivity etc. • Diabetes • -CVD • -Cancers Industrialization Population growth Economic Growth • Energy use • Over-production • Industrial waste (“Lifestyle”) • Atmospheric pollution • Ocean acidity etc. •‘Ecoflammation’ • Carbon ‘resistance’ • Global warming etc. Ecological Pathology Global • Climate change • -Sea level rise • -Extinctions

33. A Lifestyle Screening Questionnaire

34. IDF Criteria for Defining Metabolic Syndrome X. CENTRAL OBESITY: Defined according to ethnicity: >94 for Europid men >80 for Europid women(10cm less for Asians/Indians etc) • XX. PLUS ANY TWO OF THE FOLLOWING: • Raised TG: (>1.7mmol/L) • Decreased HDL: (M<1.0 mmol/L; F<1.3 mmol/L) • Raised Blood Pressure: Systolic BP >130mmHG Diastolic BP >85mmHG D. Raised Fasting Plasma Glucose: >5.6 mmol/L

35. Indicators of Insulin Resistance