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Ahfad University for Women School of Medicine Basic and Applied Immunology Course

Ahfad University for Women School of Medicine Basic and Applied Immunology Course. Dr Rayan Gamal Goda 2nd Year Registrar Soba University Hospital Clinical Immunology and Allergy MD Programme Sudan Medical Specialization Board Member of Sudanese society for clinical immunology and allergy

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Ahfad University for Women School of Medicine Basic and Applied Immunology Course

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  1. Ahfad University for WomenSchool of MedicineBasic and Applied Immunology Course Dr Rayan Gamal Goda 2nd Year Registrar Soba University Hospital Clinical Immunology and Allergy MD Programme Sudan Medical Specialization Board Member of Sudanese society for clinical immunology and allergy Member of sudanese Association of Rheumatology

  2. Course Objectives • Offer a quick revision of basic immunology, and covers important topics in clinical immunology. • Emphasize the role of immunology in current medical practice • Walk you through important, difficult topics. • More importantly to help you understand immunology and simplify this very interesting subject.

  3. This course will be... • Key point guided, interactive tutorials • All is encouraged to participate • If no one participates; ..... ?? Hello!!! • Write down a list of all topics you want to be covered. • SLE, RA, Primary immunodeficiency...etc • Basically: a tailored course to your needs.

  4. This course is for you; please... • Ask and don’t be afraid to know • Participate actively. • Help me help you.

  5. Basic Immunology What do we know? Where do we stand? ...etc.

  6. What is ... • Immunology • Immune Response • Components of the immune system • Innate immunity • Adaptive immunity • Tolerance and autoimmunity • Tumour Immunology • Transplantation • Clinical immunology

  7. Immune Response • The reaction that occurs in response to the introduction of foreign substances. • Most of medicine and medical practice revolves around this point. • Foreign substances; microbes, cancer cells, chemical substances, ...etc.

  8. The Immune Response • Innate/ natural or native immunity • Components: • Skin • Mucosal Epithelia • Chemical Barriers: e.g. Defensins. • Others: plasma proteins; complement, cytokines, acute phase reactants. • Cells: DCs, phagocytes, NK cells, T& B cells, Mast cells.

  9. Adaptive immunity • Cell mediated immunity • Humoral immunity • Components: • Lymphocytes • Antibodies

  10. Immune Response

  11. Organs of the Immune System • What are the organs of the immune system? • Bone Marrow • Liver • Spleen • Thymus • Lymph nodes • Lymphatic vessels

  12. The lymphatic system

  13. INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE • Receptors: e.g. Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, Death Associated Molecular Patterns, ... NOD Like receptors, RIG like receptors, ...etc • Cellular components: Epithelial barriers, Phagocytes, Dendritic Cells, Natural killer cells (NK Cells), B and T lymphocytes with limited specificity, and Mast Cells.

  14. Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) • Soluble components: Natural antibodies, acute phase reactants, complement. • Natural Antibodies: e.g. IgM. • Acute Phase Reactants: e.g. IL-8. • Defensins and Cathelicidins. • Soluble Receptors: complement, Pentraxins, , Collectins, and Ficolins.

  15. Death Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) • They play a role in the natural homeostasis of the immune system. • They recognize endogenous molecules that are produced from damaged or dying cells. • Can be: stress induced proteins Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) • Crystals: Monosodium urate • Nuclear Proteins: HMGB1.

  16. Mechanisms • Physical barriers • Chemical barriers • Cellular mechanisms: • PHAGOCYTOSIS ( MACROPHAGES, DCs, B CELLS,...ETC) • NK CELLS: including Natural Killer T cells. • T & B CELLS including ᵞᵟ T cells • MAST CELLS < < WHY? - Eosinophils, and basophils.

  17. CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • Phagocytes: • Dendritic cells • Monocytes /Macrophages • Neutrophils • Mast cells • Eosinophils • Basophils

  18. Dendritic cells • These are the guru cells, everything in immunology begins with the dendritic cells. Also known as the best Antigen Presenting Cells.

  19. PHAGOCYTOSIS

  20. Cytokines of Innate Immunity

  21. Complement • It is a group of plasma proteins, work to opsonizemicrobes, promote the recuitment of phagocytes to the site of infection, and sometimes directly kill the microbe. • It is composed of 3 different pathways: • Classical , alternative and Mannose- binding Lectin pathways. • All these pathways meet at C3, to form c5,c6,c7,c8,c9 ... Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). • It can also help to activate B cells, in adaptive immunity.

  22. NATURAL KILLER CELLS

  23. Inflammation

  24. Case study

  25. In reflection to what we discussed: how did these problem occur? • How was the immune system involved? • Questions..??

  26. THANK YOU!! • If you have a questions, problems, feel free to contact me at any time: • Email: rayangoda@gmail.com • Maybe a group google hangout?!!

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