Chapter 12.3 India Seeks Self-Rule

1. 12.3 Notes India Seeks Self RuleA Standard: 10.4.4 Describe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world… including the role of leaders ideology and religion Objective: Describe and analyze the protest in India that led to self-rule, including Gandhi’s Salt march, and “civil disobedience.”

2. Chapter 12.3 India Seeks Self-Rule • I. Calls for Independence • A. Amritsar Massacre – a turning point for many Indians • B. After serving in WWI the Indians were promised greater self-gov. • C. Indian Nat’l Congress party – pressed for self-rule after Amritsar D. 1920’s a new leader emerged – Mohandas Gandhi He united Indians across class lines

3. E. Gandhi spent 20 years in South Africa • a. He fought laws that discriminated against Indians • b.In 1914 he returned to India II.The Power of Nonviolence • A. Gandhi inspired Indians of all religious and ethnic backgrounds • B. The nonviolent protests caught the attention of the British Gov. and the world.

4. C. Gandhi’s Ideas • a. Theories embraced Hindu traditions • b. He preached nonviolence and respect for life • c. His philosophy reflected both Christian (western) and Indian teachings • d. He believed in Thoreau’s idea of “civil disobedience” • (refusal to obey unjust laws) • e. He was influenced by western ideas of democracy • and nationalism

5. D. Gandhi Sets an Example • a. He launched a series of nonviolent actions in the 1920s and 1930s. • 1. called for Indians to boycott • b. He worked to restore pride in Indian products • E. Gandhi Takes a Stand: the Salt March • a. Takes a stand against the British salt monopoly • b. Natural salt was available at the sea • c. British insisted the Indians buy salt from the monopoly

6. F. Breaking the Law • a. 1930 Gandhi and 78 followers marched 240-miles to the sea • b. By the time they reached the sea the people numbered in the thousands • c. Gandhi walked into the sea and picked up a lump of salt • 1. He was soon arrested 2. Tens of thousands of Indians were arrested

7. G. Steps toward Freedom • a. Newspapers around the world criticized Britain’s harsh reaction • H. Looking Ahead • a. 1939 new world war explodes • b. Indians were angered by Britain bringing them into a war w/o consulting them first. • c. They launched a campaign of noncooperation • d. Millions of Indians did help Britain during the war e. Indian gained its independence in 1945

8. General Classes answer the following questions • Why did Indians call for independence after WWI? • What methods did Indians under Gandhi use to resist British rule? • What did the Salt March symbolize?

9. Honors Classes • Create two cause and effect charts. Include one illustration for each chart. • One for the Salt March • One for Civil Disobedience • I