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“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides 2004. Tim R. Murphy The University of Georgia. “Newer” SU Herbicides. TranXit - SU Manor, Blade- SU Corsair – SU Manage - SU Revolver - SU Monument – SU Velocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA. Amino acids. Building blocks of plant proteins
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“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides2004 Tim R. Murphy The University of Georgia
“Newer” SU Herbicides • TranXit - SU • Manor, Blade- SU • Corsair – SU • Manage - SU • Revolver - SU • Monument – SU • Velocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA
Amino acids • Building blocks of plant proteins • Enzymes mediate biochemical reactions • Storage roles - seed reserves • Structural roles
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors • Imidazolinones • Image • Plateau • Sulfonylureas • Manor, Blade • Manage • Corsair • Revolver • TranXit • Monument • Roundup Pro • Velocity Excessive Rate of Manor on Zoysia
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Characteristics • Most of these herbicides have soil and foliar activity except glyphosate • Undergo significant translocation • Soil residual activity herbicide-dependent • Low use-rate herbicides • Very low toxicity
Sulfonylureas • Manor, Corsair, Manage,TranXit, Monument, Revolver • rapid shoot and root aborption • translocates to meristematic areas • inhibits leucine, isoleucine and valine synthesis • growth is impaired and plants die over 1 to 3 wk period
TranXit – Griffin LLC • Poa control before overseeding (includes greens) • DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan • Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda, centipede and zoysia • Triazines, Kerb, Diquat • Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda • Manor, Revolver, Monument, Kerb, Embark • NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY
annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue blue-eyedgrass rough bluegrass common chickweed shepherd’s-purse henbit field pansy cutleaf eveningprimrose spotted spurge pennywort (dollarweed) Weeds Controlled by TranXit
TranXit • Rimsulfuron 25DF • Sulfonylurea • 2.0 to 4.0 ozs. product/acre • Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline or acid conditions • t-1/2 in soil is 2 to 10 days
Poa Control in Bermudagrass • Non-overseeded ‘Tifway’ • Single or repeat applications of rimsulfuron • 2 and 4 oz./acre + NIS • March 14 • Tifway – 15% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads • Followed by March 27 • Tifway – 20% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads
Untreated Check 57 DAA
57 DAA TranXit 2.0 ozs.
57 DAA TranXit 2.0 fb. 2.0 ozs.
Manor, Blade • Metsulfuron 60 DF • Excellent option for ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass and broadleaf control in warm-season turfgrasses, especially St. Augustinegrass • Do not use on bahiagrass • Low rate - < 1.0 oz. product/acre • Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz/acre on centipede • Use with nonionic surfactant
Corsair - Riverdale • Chlorsulfuron 75% • Used primarily for spot control of clumpy tall fescue in bermuda, zoysia, centipede, St. Augustine, Ky. Bluegrass – works slowly • Avoid transition applications on centipede, zoysia, St. Augustine • Repeat application in 60 d • Add NIS at ¼ to 1/3 fl. oz./gallon of spray mix
Revolver – Bayer Environ. Sciences • Foramsulfuron - 0.19SC, POST • First liquid sulfonylurea, no NIS required • 4.4 to 26.2 fl. ozs. product/acre (use high rate for centipede suppression and goosegrass) • t-1/2 in soil is 1 to 12 days • Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline or acid conditions
Revolver • Poa control before overseeding (includes greens) [2 WBS] • DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan, TranXit • Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and ‘Meyer’ zoysia • Triazines, Kerb, Diquat • Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda • Manor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark
annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue rough bluegrass bentgrass henbit goosegrass Weeds Controlled by Revolver
Goosegrass Control - Griffin • ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass, 0.75 in. ht. • Irrigated site • 25 gpa • Revolver: 17.4, 26.2 fl. ozs./ac • MSMA + Sencor: 2.7 pts. + 2.7 ozs./ac • Illoxan: 1.4 qts./ac • Applied 6-12 and 6-19, 2002 • 2 to 3 tiller goosegrass
Monument– Syngenta • Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 75 WDG, POST • 0.1 to 0.56 ozs. product/acre • t-1/2 in soil is 5 to 15 days • Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline or acid conditions • Add NIS at 0.25% v/v
Monument • Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and zoysia • Triazines, Kerb, Diquat, Revolver, TranXit • Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda • Manor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark, Revolver • Broadleaf weed and sedge control (winter and summer) • NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY
annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley rough bluegrass torpedograss tall fescue henbit dichondra Va. Buttonweed nutsedge (yellow and purple) green kyllinga carpetweed spotted spurge Weeds Controlled by Monument
Monument Transition Project - 2001 • GA Station • Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ • ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass • 0.75 in. clip height • 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14 • 25 gpa • 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb
MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01) MON 0.1 MON 0.3 Kerb 1.5 UTC
Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01) MON 0.1 MON 0.3 TranXit 2 UTC
Velocity • bispyribac-sodium • Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac • inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino acids • not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting • root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d • Post control of Poa annua in overseeded bermudagrass
Velocity Projects - 2002 • GA Station • Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ • ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass • 0.625 in. clip height • Irrigated site
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002
Velocity, 1.3 fb 1.3 oz/ac 3/03 + 3/21 2/18 + 3/03 Turf17-03: Photo April 9, 2003, NIS left, MSO right
Other SU Herbicides in Development • Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences • Sulfonylurea • Sulfosulfuron (Battalion) – Monsanto • Sulfonylurea
Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences • Bermuda, zoysia, centipede • St. Augustine and cool-seasons not tolerant • Spring transition aid, seedling crabgrass (<4-lf), nutsedge and kyllinga, numerous broadleaf weeds
Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)- Monsanto • Bermuda (most tolerant), St. Augustine, centipede, zoysia • Cool-season tolerance is low and highly rate dependent • Spring transition aid, nutsedges, kyllinga
Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf • Water solubility - the extent to which a pesticide will dissolve in water • Sorption by clay colloids and organic matter • Adsorption - binding of a herbicide to the surface of a soil particle . • Absorption- Penetrates into plant tissue • Microbial degradation - influenced by herbicide concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen, microbial population
Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf • Chemical degradation and photodecomposition Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and photodecomposition under field conditions • Volatilization and evaporation - Loss due to an increase in temperature, vapor pressure, and wind movement. • Plant uptake and metabolism -roots, shoots, leaves
Water Movement • Surface runoff • Leaching • Capillary action
Mobility of Postemergence Herbicides in Soil(not conducted on turf)
Herbicide ½ Life Amount of time it takes a herbicide to reach one-half(t-1/2)of the originally applied concentration. Expressed in days, wks, months, yrs. 1.0 lb. Ai/acre0.5 lb. Ai/acre
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement • Griffin, GA • Lateral runoff facility • 5% uniform slope • Wobbler irrigation heads • 1.25 inches per hour • Tifway bermudagrass • 0.5 inch clip height