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“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides 2004

“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides 2004. Tim R. Murphy The University of Georgia. “Newer” SU Herbicides. TranXit - SU Manor, Blade- SU Corsair – SU Manage - SU Revolver - SU Monument – SU Velocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA. Amino acids. Building blocks of plant proteins

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“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides 2004

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  1. “New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides2004 Tim R. Murphy The University of Georgia

  2. “Newer” SU Herbicides • TranXit - SU • Manor, Blade- SU • Corsair – SU • Manage - SU • Revolver - SU • Monument – SU • Velocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA

  3. Amino acids • Building blocks of plant proteins • Enzymes mediate biochemical reactions • Storage roles - seed reserves • Structural roles

  4. Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors • Imidazolinones • Image • Plateau • Sulfonylureas • Manor, Blade • Manage • Corsair • Revolver • TranXit • Monument • Roundup Pro • Velocity Excessive Rate of Manor on Zoysia

  5. Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Characteristics • Most of these herbicides have soil and foliar activity except glyphosate • Undergo significant translocation • Soil residual activity herbicide-dependent • Low use-rate herbicides • Very low toxicity

  6. Sulfonylureas • Manor, Corsair, Manage,TranXit, Monument, Revolver • rapid shoot and root aborption • translocates to meristematic areas • inhibits leucine, isoleucine and valine synthesis • growth is impaired and plants die over 1 to 3 wk period

  7. TranXit – Griffin LLC • Poa control before overseeding (includes greens) • DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan • Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda, centipede and zoysia • Triazines, Kerb, Diquat • Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda • Manor, Revolver, Monument, Kerb, Embark • NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY

  8. annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue blue-eyedgrass rough bluegrass common chickweed shepherd’s-purse henbit field pansy cutleaf eveningprimrose spotted spurge pennywort (dollarweed) Weeds Controlled by TranXit

  9. TranXit • Rimsulfuron 25DF • Sulfonylurea • 2.0 to 4.0 ozs. product/acre • Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline or acid conditions • t-1/2 in soil is 2 to 10 days

  10. Poa Control in Bermudagrass • Non-overseeded ‘Tifway’ • Single or repeat applications of rimsulfuron • 2 and 4 oz./acre + NIS • March 14 • Tifway – 15% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads • Followed by March 27 • Tifway – 20% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads

  11. Poa annua control. *

  12. Untreated Check 57 DAA

  13. 57 DAA TranXit 2.0 ozs.

  14. 57 DAA TranXit 2.0 fb. 2.0 ozs.

  15. Effect of TranXit on Tifway green-up. * * *

  16. Manor, Blade • Metsulfuron 60 DF • Excellent option for ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass and broadleaf control in warm-season turfgrasses, especially St. Augustinegrass • Do not use on bahiagrass • Low rate - < 1.0 oz. product/acre • Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz/acre on centipede • Use with nonionic surfactant

  17. Corsair - Riverdale • Chlorsulfuron 75% • Used primarily for spot control of clumpy tall fescue in bermuda, zoysia, centipede, St. Augustine, Ky. Bluegrass – works slowly • Avoid transition applications on centipede, zoysia, St. Augustine • Repeat application in 60 d • Add NIS at ¼ to 1/3 fl. oz./gallon of spray mix

  18. Revolver – Bayer Environ. Sciences • Foramsulfuron - 0.19SC, POST • First liquid sulfonylurea, no NIS required • 4.4 to 26.2 fl. ozs. product/acre (use high rate for centipede suppression and goosegrass) • t-1/2 in soil is 1 to 12 days • Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline or acid conditions

  19. Revolver • Poa control before overseeding (includes greens) [2 WBS] • DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan, TranXit • Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and ‘Meyer’ zoysia • Triazines, Kerb, Diquat • Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda • Manor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark

  20. annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue rough bluegrass bentgrass henbit goosegrass Weeds Controlled by Revolver

  21. Goosegrass Control - Griffin • ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass, 0.75 in. ht. • Irrigated site • 25 gpa • Revolver: 17.4, 26.2 fl. ozs./ac • MSMA + Sencor: 2.7 pts. + 2.7 ozs./ac • Illoxan: 1.4 qts./ac • Applied 6-12 and 6-19, 2002 • 2 to 3 tiller goosegrass

  22. Goosegrass control with Revolver. 2002.

  23. Monument– Syngenta • Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 75 WDG, POST • 0.1 to 0.56 ozs. product/acre • t-1/2 in soil is 5 to 15 days • Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline or acid conditions • Add NIS at 0.25% v/v

  24. Monument • Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and zoysia • Triazines, Kerb, Diquat, Revolver, TranXit • Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda • Manor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark, Revolver • Broadleaf weed and sedge control (winter and summer) • NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY

  25. annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley rough bluegrass torpedograss tall fescue henbit dichondra Va. Buttonweed nutsedge (yellow and purple) green kyllinga carpetweed spotted spurge Weeds Controlled by Monument

  26. Monument Transition Project - 2001 • GA Station • Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ • ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass • 0.75 in. clip height • 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14 • 25 gpa • 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb

  27. Monument – One Appl. (5/16/01)

  28. Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)

  29. MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01) MON 0.1 MON 0.3 Kerb 1.5 UTC

  30. Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01) MON 0.1 MON 0.3 TranXit 2 UTC

  31. Velocity • bispyribac-sodium • Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac • inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino acids • not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting • root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d • Post control of Poa annua in overseeded bermudagrass

  32. Velocity Projects - 2002 • GA Station • Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ • ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass • 0.625 in. clip height • Irrigated site

  33. Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass

  34. Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001

  35. Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002

  36. Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002

  37. Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

  38. Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002

  39. Velocity, 1.3 fb 1.3 oz/ac 3/03 + 3/21 2/18 + 3/03 Turf17-03: Photo April 9, 2003, NIS left, MSO right

  40. Other SU Herbicides in Development • Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences • Sulfonylurea • Sulfosulfuron (Battalion) – Monsanto • Sulfonylurea

  41. Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences • Bermuda, zoysia, centipede • St. Augustine and cool-seasons not tolerant • Spring transition aid, seedling crabgrass (<4-lf), nutsedge and kyllinga, numerous broadleaf weeds

  42. Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)- Monsanto • Bermuda (most tolerant), St. Augustine, centipede, zoysia • Cool-season tolerance is low and highly rate dependent • Spring transition aid, nutsedges, kyllinga

  43. Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf • Water solubility - the extent to which a pesticide will dissolve in water • Sorption by clay colloids and organic matter • Adsorption - binding of a herbicide to the surface of a soil particle . • Absorption- Penetrates into plant tissue • Microbial degradation - influenced by herbicide concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen, microbial population

  44. Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf • Chemical degradation and photodecomposition Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and photodecomposition under field conditions • Volatilization and evaporation - Loss due to an increase in temperature, vapor pressure, and wind movement. • Plant uptake and metabolism -roots, shoots, leaves

  45. Water Movement • Surface runoff • Leaching • Capillary action

  46. Factors That Affect Leaching

  47. Mobility of Postemergence Herbicides in Soil(not conducted on turf)

  48. Herbicide ½ Life Amount of time it takes a herbicide to reach one-half(t-1/2)of the originally applied concentration. Expressed in days, wks, months, yrs. 1.0 lb. Ai/acre0.5 lb. Ai/acre

  49. Postemergence Herbicides – Avg. t-1/2

  50. SU Herbicide Lateral Movement • Griffin, GA • Lateral runoff facility • 5% uniform slope • Wobbler irrigation heads • 1.25 inches per hour • Tifway bermudagrass • 0.5 inch clip height

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