The amount of petroleum and natural gas in ANWR is not absolutely known.

1. Which of the following issues is NOT at the heart of the debate about the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)? 12.1 • The amount of petroleum and natural gas in ANWR is not absolutely known. • The petroleum industry cares nothing about wildlife or the negative publicity that would result from harming wildlife. • ANWR is at the heart of migratory and reproductive routes for caribou, bear, and other wildlife. • Both the wildlife refuge and the migratory species that use the region currently have federal protection. • The U.S. public seems not to be inclined to reduce its consumption of gasoline and other petroleum products.

2. Which of the following issues is NOT at the heart of the debate about the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)? 12.1 • The amount of petroleum and natural gas in ANWR is not absolutely known. • The petroleum industry cares nothing about wildlife or the negative publicity that would result from harming wildlife. • ANWR is at the heart of migratory and reproductive routes for caribou, bear, and other wildlife. • Both the wildlife refuge and the migratory species that use the region currently have federal protection. • The U.S. public seems not to be inclined to reduce its consumption of gasoline and other petroleum products.

3. According to Figure 12–4, the percentage of global primary energy that is supplied by fossil fuels is approximately 12.2 • 35% • 23% • 21% • 11% • 80%

4. According to Figure 12–4, the percentage of global primary energy that is supplied by fossil fuels is approximately 12.2 • 35% • 23% • 21% • 11% • 80%

5. Which of the following fuels burns more cleanly than the others, releasing primarily carbon dioxide and water? 12.3 • petroleum • coal • natural gas • combustible renewables • agricultural and residential wastes

6. Which of the following fuels burns more cleanly than the others, releasing primarily carbon dioxide and water? 12.3 • petroleum • coal • natural gas • combustible renewables • agricultural and residential wastes

7. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of electrical power in the U.S. at present? 12.4 • Electrical power is a secondary energy source. • Electrical power production consumes about a third of fossil fuel production. • Electrical demand has risen since the 1950s but will likely decrease in the future. • Electrical demand fluctuates with industrial use plus residential heating and cooling. • Electrical power tends to separate points of consumption from problems associated with point of production.

8. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of electrical power in the U.S. at present? 12.4 • Electrical power is a secondary energy source. • Electrical power production consumes about a third of fossil fuel production. • Electrical demand has risen since the 1950s but will likely decrease in the future. • Electrical demand fluctuates with industrial use plus residential heating and cooling. • Electrical power tends to separate points of consumption from problems associated with point of production.

9. Of the U.S. end uses featured in Figure 12–10, which is the one with the largest percentage of total? 12.5 • transportation • industrial • residential • electrical • commercial

10. Of the U.S. end uses featured in Figure 12–10, which is the one with the largest percentage of total? 12.5 • transportation • industrial • residential • electrical • commercial

11. Of the U.S. end uses featured in Figure 12–10, which is the least efficient energy end use? 12.6 • transportation • industrial • residential • electrical • commercial

12. Of the U.S. end uses featured in Figure 12–10, which is the least efficient energy end use? 12.6 • transportation • industrial • residential • electrical • commercial

13. Which of the following is NOT true about petroleum, natural gas, and coal? 12.7 • They are still being formed at rates that will sustain current use. • They were formed over millions of years from fossilized bodies of dead organisms. • The unevenness of deposits around the world has contributed to international conflict. • The presence of oil in modern day Alaska is evidence of tropical climate in the past. • They provide energy that has driven our economy, but also pollution that damages our environment.

14. Which of the following is NOT true about petroleum, natural gas, and coal? 12.7 • They are still being formed at rates that will sustain current use. • They were formed over millions of years from fossilized bodies of dead organisms. • The unevenness of deposits around the world has contributed to international conflict. • The presence of oil in modern day Alaska is evidence of tropical climate in the past. • They provide energy that has driven our economy, but also pollution that damages our environment.

15. Oil wells in the Appalachians of Pennsylvania (also known as the Quaker State) operate 12.8 • at maximum capacity. • all the time. • when the price of oil exceeds the cost of extraction. • in times of national need. • unpredictably.

16. Oil wells in the Appalachians of Pennsylvania (also known as the Quaker State) operate 12.8 • at maximum capacity. • all the time. • when the price of oil exceeds the cost of extraction. • in times of national need. • unpredictably.

17. Responses to the Arab states oil embargo during 1973 included all of the following EXCEPT 12.9 • legal speed limits were reduced. • legislation was passed to improve fleet fuel efficiency by automobile manufacturers. • domestic exploration for oil deposits was increased. • alternative energy sources were investigated. • an efficient nationwide public transit system was established.

18. Responses to the Arab states oil embargo during 1973 included all of the following EXCEPT 12.9 • legal speed limits were reduced. • legislation was passed to improve fleet fuel efficiency by automobile manufacturers. • domestic exploration for oil deposits was increased. • alternative energy sources were investigated. • an efficient nationwide public transit system was established.

19. Long-term effects of the Arab states oil embargo during 1973 include 12.10 • the majority of cars on U.S. highways are small and energy efficient and people drive at the speed limit. • the majority of Americans limit the amount of driving that they do. • we have reduced our dependence upon imported petroleum dramatically. • public interest and investment in alternative energy has reduced our oil consumption. • none of the above.

20. Long-term effects of the Arab states oil embargo during 1973 include 12.10 • the majority of cars on U.S. highways are small and energy efficient and people drive at the speed limit. • the majority of Americans limit the amount of driving that they do. • we have reduced our dependence upon imported petroleum dramatically. • public interest and investment in alternative energy has reduced our oil consumption. • none of the above.

21. Which of the following is NOT true about coal use in the U.S.? 12.11 • At current rates of consumption, U.S. coal reserves will likely be depleted by the end of the 21st century. • About half of U.S. electricity is generated by burning coal. • There are large deposits of coal within the continental U.S. • Legislation has been used to reduce the negative impacts of coal mining and pollution. • Burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide and fly ash plus higher carbon dioxide emissions than oil or natural gas.

22. Which of the following is NOT true about coal use in the U.S.? 12.11 • At current rates of consumption, U.S. coal reserves will likely be depleted by the end of the 21st century. • About half of U.S. electricity is generated by burning coal. • There are large deposits of coal within the continental U.S. • Legislation has been used to reduce the negative impacts of coal mining and pollution. • Burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide and fly ash plus higher carbon dioxide emissions than oil or natural gas.

23. According to your text, which is a better way to reduce our nation’s vulnerability to oil price disruptions and negative global climate change? 12.12 • increasing use of domestic coal supplies • supply-side policies • demand-side policies • deregulation of electric power industry • opening ANWR for exploration and production

24. According to your text, which is a better way to reduce our nation’s vulnerability to oil price disruptions and negative global climate change? 12.12 • increasing use of domestic coal supplies • supply-side policies • demand-side policies • deregulation of electric power industry • opening ANWR for exploration and production