考点 , 你在哪里

1. 考点,你在哪里

2. 引出新事物/名词 关键词: sth. is called/known as ... TPO17.1.16 What did calcite deposits from Devils Hole reveal? A. Inaccurate information about long-term climate changes B. Evidence that contradicted Milankovitch s hypothesis C. Evidence that climate changes occur only locally D. Variations in Earth's orbit that had little impact on climate

3. 引出新事物/名词 Over millions of years, groundwater left deposits of a mineral calledcalcite on the rock within Devil’s Hole. And by studying these clacite deposits, we can determine the climate conditions, the temperatures over the last half million years. Well, the Devil’ s Hole findings contradicted the ones obtained during the 1970s, ...

4. 引出新事物/名词 关键词: sth. is called/known as ... TPO17.2.08 Why was the heliacal rising of Sirius important to the Egyptians? Click on 2 answers A. It helped determine the beginning of the New Year B. It was used to calculate the length of the month C. It marked the beginning of harvest time D. It indicated when the Nile would flood

5. 引出新事物/名词 Well, their astronomers had discovered that at a certain time of year the brightest star, Sirius, would disappear. Actually, it’d be hidden in the glare of the Sun. And then, a couple of months later, one morning in the eartern sky just before dawn, Sirius would reappear. And it happened regularly, about every 365 days. Even more significantly, the reappearance of Sirius would occur around the same time as the Nile’s flooding. And this annual event is called a heliacal rising. The heliacal rising was a fair indicator of when the Nile would flood. The next new moon, after the heliacal rising of Sirius, which happened in the last month of the calendar year, marked the New Year.

6. 举例子/打比方 关键词: for example, for instance, exemplify, like, such as, say,etc. TPO02.1.03 What information will the man include in his report?

7. 举例子/打比方 Student: I was wondering if I should also include the notes from the research journal you suggested I keep. Professor: Yes, definitely. You should use them to indicate what your evolution in thought was through time. So, just set up, you know, what was the purpose of what you were doing—to try to understand the climate variability of this area—and what you did, and what your approach was. Student: OK. So, for example, I studied meteorological records; I looked at climate charts; I used different methodsfor analyzing the data, like certain statistical tests; and then I discuss the results. Is that what you mean? Professor: Yes, that’s right. You should include all of that.

8. 数字+名词=几类事物 关键词: 种类,因素,特征,考虑,想法, etc. TPO13.1.08 What are two aspects of location that need to be considered when planning a pedestrian mall? Click on two answers A. The proximity to the customer base B. The number of nearby tourist sites C. The variety of restaurants in the area D. The access to public transportation

9. 数字+名词=几类事物 In choosing a specific location for pedestrian mall, there are in fact two considerations. Proximity to potential customers, UN…that's we'll call it customer base and accessibility to public transportation which we will get into just a moment.

10. 数字+名词=几类事物 关键词: 种类,因素,特征,考虑,想法, etc. TPO16.2.08 What does the professor identify as the two central issues involved in beavers’ foraging behavior? Click on 2 answers A. How far from home to forage B. How to cope with competition C. What size tree to cut down D. What time of year material for construction is available

11. 数字+名词=几类事物 Ok, but there are two more important issues, really the most central, the most important, OK? First, let’s say a beaver could get the same amount of wood from a single large tree when it has lots of branches as it could get from three small trees. Which should it choose? Another critical issue and it’s related to the first, to the size issue, is how far from the water should it go to get trees.

12. 教授感到有趣的事物/话题 关键词: interesting(ly) TPO1.1.08 Why did Frantzen go to the Sales Barn? A. To study human form and movement B. To earn money by painting portraits C. To paint farm animals in an outdoor setting D. To meet people who could model for her paining

13. 教授感到有趣的事物/话题 One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work---that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.

14. 教授感到有趣的事物/话题 关键词: interesting(ly) TPO6.1.13 According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive? A. it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing in Australia today B. it has an inefficient reproductive system C. its flower are located at the bases of the leaves D. it is similar to some ancient fossils

15. 教授感到有趣的事物/话题 Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it is…it represents…er…a very old type…er…kind of tree that grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s a primitive tree.

16. 强调 关键词: It is ... that/who ... , do的强调用法, 祈使句, etc. TPO15.1.17 What does the professor say about future researchers? A. They may not agree that humans have had an important effect on Earth’s surface B. They will not have reliable evidence of what is happening today C. They will determine when the Anthropocene epoch began D. They will make predictions about when the Anthropocene epoch will end

17. 强调 Geologists in the far future will be able to examine the sediment being laid down today, whereas right now we can say that yes, human impact on the Earth is clear: It'll be future researcherswhohave a better perspective and will be able to really draw a line betweenthe Holocene and the Anthropoceneepics.

18. 强调 关键词: It is ... that/who ... , do的强调用法, 祈使句, etc. TPO16.1.08 According to the professor, what substance found in surface water is important for the formation of typical limstone caves? A. Gypsum B. Oxygen C. Car borne acid D. Sulfuric acid

19. 强调 It’s the moving water itself that wears away at the rock and makes passageways. Also, in surface water, there is a weak acid, carbonic acid, not sulfuric acid but carbonic acid that helps dissolve the rock. With a little help from this carbonic acid, moving water forms most of the world’s limestone caves.

20. that引导的宾语从句 关键词: 找到/指出/显示/证据表明/意味着, etc. TPO15.1.09 What did Lavie’s scans of subjects’ visual cortexes reveal? A. Area V5 became less active when tasks became more difficult B. The presence of the star field did not affect activity in area V5 C. Area V5 became more active as more information appeared on the screen D. Stimulating area V5 interfered with subjects’ ability to perceive motion

21. that引导的宾语从句 Lavie also discovered that as she made the task more difficult , V5 became less active, so that means that now people weren ‘ t really noticing the star field at all.

22. that引导的宾语从句 关键词: 找到/指出/显示/证据表明/意味着, etc. TPO3.2.14 What can be inferred about two stars if their spectra have similar spectral line patterns? A. The stars are approximately the same distance from the Earth B. The stars probably have some chemical elements in common C. The stars have nearly the same brightness D. The stars are probably of the same size

23. that引导的宾语从句 Each pattern stands for a distinct chemical element, and so different sets or patterns of spectral lines mean that the star has a different chemical composition.

24. 别人的想法 关键词: many people believe/ you might think, etc. TPO4.2.09 What important point does the professor make about the area where the rocks are found? A. It has been the site of Earth’s highest wind speeds. B. It is subject to laws that restrict experimentation. C. It is accessible to heavy machinery. D. It is not subject to significant changes in temperature.

25. 别人的想法 I bet you are saying to yourself well, why don’t scientists just set up video cameras to record what actually happens? Thing is this is a protective wilderness area. So by law that type of research isn’t allowed.

26. 别人的想法 关键词: many people believe/ you might think, etc. TPO2.1.14 What does the professor imply about the name Manila hemp A. It is a commercial brand name B. Part of the name is inappropriate C. The name has recently changed D. The name was first used in the 1940's

27. 别人的想法 Now, for some strange reason, many people believe that Manila hemp is a hemp plant. ButManila hemp is not really hemp. It's actually a member of the banana family- it even bears little banana-shaped fruits. The "Manila" part of the name makes sense, because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and, of course, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila.

28. 重复的信息 TPO1.2.04 What important skills did Mr.Grableintroduce to his third-grade class? Click on 3 answers A. Reviewing other student's reports B. Using books in the library C. Interviewing their classmates D. Speaking in public E. Writing reports

29. 重复的信息 Student: Yeah! And each student chose a planet and then did research on it to write a report and make a presentation. They went to the library to do the research, then they made presentations about the planet they chose. Professor: So, in one science unit, in which the focus was astronomy, the students also learned about the literature of Greek and Roman mythology, used research skills in the library, wrote a reportand practiced their oral presentation skills. Student: Exactly! He used this one topic to teach third-grades all that stuff — how to use the books in the library, to write reports, and even how to speak in public. Plus they had a great time doing it.

30. 重复的信息 TPO8.1.10 According to the professor, why did some blackcaps choose a secondary habitat? A. They were following a moving food supply B. Their preferred habitat was taken over by another bird species C. Their nesting sites were disturbed by human activity D. Their preferred habitat became too competitive

31. 重复的信息 It turns out there were actually four times as many bird pairs or couples living in the stream edge habitat compared to the area away from the stream, so this stream edge area had much denser population which meant more members of same species competing for the resources. When into feed on same thing or build their nests in the same places, which lower the suitability of the prime habitat even though its their preferred habitat. So the results of the study suggests that when the number of the competitors in the prime habitat reaches a certain point, the second random habitat becomes just as successful as the prime habitat, just because there are fewer members of the same species living there. So it looks like competition for resources is another important factor in determining if particular habitat is suitable.

32. 笔记要点 对话类题目: 1).记清对话目的 Eg: Excuse me, I’m wondering … . Can you help me with something? 2).记清说话人的难处及问题 Eg: I’m actually here about … . I have a question about … . 3).记清建议和解决方案 Eg: So/I suggest/You’ll probably see/Why don’t you?/ Maybe, etc. 4).记清语气语调的变化

33. 笔记要点 讲座类题目: 1).记文章主题 (第一段) 2).记段首/尾 (承上启下) 3).记问题 (推进内容发展) 4).记特殊句式 (强调作用) 5).对连接词语敏感 (转折/因果/比较) 6).记数字(点出要点) 7).记例子(支持论点&具体说明)