Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment

1. LCE 2006 Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment European Copper Institute PE Europe Wim Deprez Ief Pardon Johan Driesen K.U.Leuven – ESAT / Electa Hans De Keulenaer Constantin Herrmann

2. Outline • Introduction • Approach • Toolbox • Case Study • Conclusion • Questions LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

3. Introduction Context - Motivation • Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

4. Introduction Context - Motivation • Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources • European Commission (WG E&T) > 30% by 2030 • Electricity Demand (Fossil & Renewables) • 60% LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

5. Introduction Kyoto Context - Motivation • In Contrast with Global Warming & Environment LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

6. Introduction Context - Motivation • Response & Interaction • € • Concern • Image • Strategy • Legislation • …. • Other arguments LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

7. Introduction Electrical Equipment • Our Concern / Focus • Same Drivers • € • E Concern • Image • Strategy • Legislation • …. • Directive 2005/32/EC • Framework for setting of eco-design requirements for EuPs LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

8. Introduction Electrical Equipment • Relevance • > 50% Electricity consumption in developed countries and approx. 65% of electricity used in industry is consumed by E-motors • Purchase cost vs operational cost • Major part of environmental impact of EuPs is caused by its lifetime energy consumption • E-consumption is linked with efficiency • Increasing η means reducing losses ~ R.I^2 • Definition of resistance: R ~ ρ.L/A • > More material and/or better material or design LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

9. Introduction Electrical Equipment • Therefore: Ecodesign for EUPs is striking a balance between energy consumption, material use and ‘economics’ economical aspects LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

10. Introduction Three Cornerstones • In order to create a good climate for proper ecodesign and increased energy efficiency (certainly in the case of EuPs), there is a need for: • Legislation • E.g.: EuP Directive • Simplification • E.g.: Standards • Education / Information LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

11. Approach Initiative • Knowledge Gap • LCA-world <> Electrical Engineering Industry • ECI initiative • Marketing tool • Educational tool • Ecodesign • … LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

12. Approach Partners • Initiator • ECI • LCA – Ecodesign Specialist • PE Europe • Material Manufacturers & Associations • Electrical steel • Construction steel • Iron • Aluminium • Copper • … • EuP Manufacturers • Academic Partner LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

13. Approach Considered Equipment • Criteria: • Relevance • Simplicity • … • Induction motors • Transformers • Cables LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

14. Approach Considered Equipment • Induction motors • Transformers • Cables LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

15. Approach Methodology • Which Technique? • Again Criteria: • Relevance & Goal (≠ formal EPD) • Simplicity • … • LCA? • Too Holistic • Egy consumption dominates > Hairsplitting • More quantitative techniques [De Wulf] • Indicator Approaches • Environmental impact drivers approach • Number & complexity of input data is consciously limited • ! Simplification ≠ low quality of inventory LCA data! LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

16. Toolbox Software • Gabi software • University of Stuttgart • Instit. Polymer Testing & - Science • PE Europe • = user interface • Data & formulae • Gabi & EU LCA reference database • Different partners • Five separate tools (with comparison) • Reporting • (intro, goal & scope, inventory results & impact results) LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

17. Toolbox Implementation • Data (is limited for user-friendliness & complixity) • Still quite some data for each phase of life-cycle • Production Phase • Utilisation (!!!! For EuPs biggest impact) • End-of-Life Phase • Define fractions for dismantling/shredding/… • Depends on Product • Cutt-off Criteria • Impact categories • Five Categories Considered • Global Warming Potential • Acidification Potential • Eutrophication Potential • Ozone Layer Depletion Potential • Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

18. Toolbox Overview Motors • Production • Copper • Aluminium • NGO-Steel • Mech-Steel • Cast Iron • Utilisation LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

19. Toolbox Overview Transformers • Production • Copper • Aluminium • GO-Steel • Mech-Steel • Cast Iron • Porcelain or ceramic • Insulator (epoxy > dry cooled oil > oil cooled) • Utilisation • Direct Energy or LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

20. Toolbox Overview Cables • Production • Underground cable • Aluminum wire • Copper • PVC • Overhead lines • Also Steel wire • Utilisation • direct_energy = direct_loss*hours_loaded • indirect_energy = (resistance_Al+resistance_Cu)*0,000001*current_cores*sqr((load/100)* rated_currented)*hours_loaded LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

21. Toolbox Validation & Data Quality • Goal ≠ formal EPD • No third party validation is needed • Philisophy • Validate Methodology and Tool rather than the individual declarations by it • With simplifications on methodology NOT on data • Data • High quality • Gabi, EU LCA database, partners… • According to ISO 14014X series • Applicable for broad product range LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

22. Case Study • Three 1.5 kW induction motors • Input Area LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

23. Case Study • Three 1.5 kW induction motors • Reporting Area LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

24. Case Study • Three 1.5 kW induction motors • Impacts LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

25. Conclusion • Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment • Non-experts > • Trade-off complexity vs user-friendliness • Only model simplifications not on data sets • No full LCA accuracy BUT applicable to broad range of product variations • Marketing, Education, … • For EuPs >> Utilisation Phase!! • New Project • Systems • E.g.: LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez

26. Questions? LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez