Looking for Bad Guys....

1. Looking for Bad Guys....

2. Scanning • Definition: Scanning is very high-speed reading for a specific piece of information – an answer to a question, a name, a fact, a number, etc. • How to scan: When you scan, you have a question in mind. You do not read every word, only key words that will answer your question. Practice in scanning will help you learn to skip over unimportant words so that you can read faster.

3. Example Dear Joan, I’m sorry not to have written sooner. I have been very busy since I ......1..... back from vacation. There has been so .......2..... to do at work lately! Almost every .......3...... I have to stay late. I’ve even .......4...... going in to the office on Saturdays, ......5...... . I’ve had no time to relax at ......6...... either. Every free moment has been taken .......7...... by work on the house. The roof .......8..... in very bad condition after the big .......9....... . If I’d known how busy I’d be ......10....... work. I might have waited. Anyway, it’s .......11....... finished now. So at last I can .......12...... you to come over some weekend with .......13...... family. We could all take a walk ......14...... Mount Grey. Judy sends her love. We .......15....... to see you all soon. Love, George

4. Questions 1. Why has George not written sooner? • He’s not written sooner because .............................................. 2. What has he been doing in his free time? • In his free time, he ...................................................................... 3. What does George suggest to Joan? • He suggests to Joan that ........................................................... • What are the missing words? Guess and write only one word in each blank. 1. .................... 2. ..................... 3. ..................... 4. .................... 5. ..................... 6. ..................... 7. .................... 8. ..................... 9. ..................... 10. .................... 11. ..................... 12. ..................... 13. .................... 14. ..................... 15. .....................

5. Answer Key: Scanning • Answer: near downtown Tampa Keywords: Ybor, capital letters Lines: 50-52 • Answer: 2001 Keywords: numbers, 2001, Super Bowl Lines: 2 • Answer: a football-related exhibition Keywords: capital letters, NFL Experience Lines: 18 • Answer: a society where authorities spy on people Keywords: quotation marks, capital letter, society Lines: 33-34

6. Word level: Step 1 • Different meaning from the others • some data • involving • Undertaking • inside • Justifiably • modifies

7. Word level: meaning • data (n.) = information usually in the form of facts or statistics • device (count n.) = an object made for a particular purpose • equipment (non-count n.)= things needed for a particular purpose • machine (count n.) = a piece of equipment for a particular purpose

8. Word level: meaning • involve (v.) = concern; affect • watch (v.) = check or look at carefully • monitor (v.) = check carefully • guard (v.) = watch carefully

9. Word level: meaning • undertake (v.) = start doing a job with responsibility • anticipate (v.) = expect what will happen • predict (v.) =say what will happen • foresee (v.) = believe what will happen

10. Word level: meaning • justifiably (adv.) = acceptably because of having a good reason • consequently (adv.) = having as a result of something • therefore (adv.) = happening as a result of something • as a result (adv.) = so; therefore; consequently

11. Word level: meaning • modify (v.) = change slightly often for improvement • analyze / analyse (v.) = examine something in order to understand it or find out what it consists of • examine (v.) = consider something carefully • inspect (v.) = examine something carefully

12. Sentence level: words • It involved scanning faces in a large crowd. • It might be there because of that person’s involvement in a crime. • Places where the security of people or their possessions are involved. • Because it involves measuring part of a living person. • It was modified to directly involve the Tampa police database with images recorded by surveillance cameras.

13. Sentence level: words 1. Critics justifiably question the accuracy of face-recognition technology. 2. The consequence of one study on FR tech was that its findings created controversy within the security industry. 3. People setting up FR systems can’t anticipate changes in a person’s face. 4. The software is continually being modified, but it is still confused by image changes.

14. Sentence level: words 5. As a consequence of long experience recognizing faces, humans are not confused by even large changes in appearance. 6. As we really justified in spending a lot of money on FR systems when humans are available to do the job better. 7. Most technicians say that creating FR systems does not make sense when they anticipate the problems that might be involved in the process.

15. Sentence level: words 8. It is important to consider the consequences that a person’s emotions or physical state might have on his or her reliability on an FR task. 9. Although automatic FR systems are controversial, they are still more reliable than people, so modifications should continue to be made to them so that they can be used better.

16. Questions to be answered • Whose pictures were taken at the Super Bowl in Tampa, Florida? • What was used for taking these photos? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- • On what purpose are the pictures taken at a big sporting event? • What advantage does the tiny camera have? • What happens after the photos of a huge fan taken? • What was the NFL Experience?

17. Questions to be answered 7. What benefit if the fan’s picture matched with the one in the database? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Do all people accept being taken pictured without asking for a permission? If not, why? 9. What is considered by some people about the FR technology? 10. What will happen when the FR technology does on an innocent person? 11. Why does the “Big Brother” society cause anger to many people?

18. Questions to be answered 12. Who sees the FR technology a good system? 13. What reaction do security officials have on people who act against the FR system? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14. What makes a difference about the “biometric” technology? 15. What does the “biometric” system undertake? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16. Are the face-recognition and the biometric systems alike? If not, how?

19. Questions to be answered 17. Where are the biometric cameras installed? 18. What advantage does the biometric system have on the police? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19. What improvement happened to the FR system at Tampa? 20. Who analyzed the incident the FR system took? 21. Who identified the incident the biometric system took?

20. Questions to be answered 22. What is seen by supporters of the biometric system? 23. What is said by opponents of the biometric system? 24. Who are best at remembering individuals in the opponents’ eyes?

21. The Weather Goes to Court

22. Words to know • witness (n.) = someone who appears in court to say what they know about a crime • testified (v.) = made a statement in a court of law • defendant (n.) = a person who is accused of a crime • confess (v.) = admit that you have committed a crime • jacked (v.) = put up

23. Words to know • overhear (v.) = hear what someone is saying • prosecutor (n.) = a lawyer or official who brings charges against someone or tries to prove in a trial that they are guilty • defense attorney (n.) = a lawyer who tries to protect someone in a court of law • turn (n.) = a chance to do something after other people have done it • strategy (n.) = a plan

24. Words to know • jury (n.) = a group of people in a court of law who listen to the facts about a crime and decide whether the person accused is guilty or not • meteorologist (n.) = a weather expert • stated (v.) = said • visibility (n.) = how far and how clearly you can see in particular weather conditions • previous (adj.) = that occurred before

25. Words to know • exhibits (v.) = shows; demonstrates • meteorology (n.) = the study of the Earth’s atmosphere that causes weather conditions • forensic (adj.) = scientifically examined to discover information about a crime • disputes (n.) = disagreements • anthropology (n.) = the study of people, society, and culture • zoology (n.) = the study of animals

26. Words to know • contribute (v.) = be one of the causes • rather than = what is not done • forecast (n.) = prediction (ตรงข้ามbackcast) • backcasts (n.) = thought about things in the past or attempt to remember them • phenomena (n.) = happenings • precipitation (n.) = moisture from the air that falls to the ground, e.g. rain or snow • available (adj.) = obtainable

27. Words to know • inhabited place (v.) = a living place • inauguration (n.) = an admission to office • orient (v.) = learn and prepare to deal with something • circumstances (n.) = conditions • interpreting (v.) = deciding what it means or is significant • scattered (v.) = spread all over the area • coherent (adj.) = clear and easy to understand; unified; integrated

28. Words to know • section (n.) = part; area • flattened (v.) = made flatter • hail (n.) = tiny balls of ice that fall from the sky • blames (v.) = says that something or someone is responsible for something • disputes (v.) = disagrees or denies • core (n. ) = a central or most important part • argument (n.) = dispute

29. Words to know • claim (n.) = a demand for something • prospect (n.) = a possibility; an expectation; a hope of success • sophisticated (adj.) = elaborate; advanced • updrafts (n.) = the wind that moves bottom- up • interval (n.) = a period of time • character (n.) = characteristics; qualities • evidence (n.) = proof; indication

30. Words to know • judge (n.) = the person in a court of law who decides how the law should be applied • reinforced (v.) = strengthened; made stronger • burst (n.) = outbreak; explosion • eventually (adv.) = finally • rules (v.) = gives an official decision about something • precise (adj.) = correct and exact

31. Words to know • affordable (adj.) = able to pay for it • entrepreneur (n.) = a person who sets up businesses • ensures (v.) = makes sure / certain • license (v.) = give official permission to do something • route (n.) = a way • certified (v.) = declared formally that it is true • credential (n.) = testimonial (หนังสือรับรอง) • demonstrated (v.) = shown; exhibited

32. Word level: Step 1 • A different meaning from the other threes 1. extremes 2. routes 3. strategy 4. orient 5. reinforce 6. engaging 7. indicate 8. energized

33. Word level: meaning • extremes (n.) = great intense • events (n.) = happenings • phenomena (n.) = happenings • happenings (n.) = events; phenomena • routes (n.) = ways; paths • cores (n.) = samples (n.) = specimens

34. Word level: meaning • strategy (n.) = a plan of action • period (n.) = interval (n.) = time (n.) • orient (v.) = learn and prepare to deal with something • exhibit (v.) = display (v.) = show (v.)

35. Word level: meaning • engaging (adj.) = attractive; charming • unified (adj.) = joined or fit together • coherent (adj.) = joined or fit together • integrated (adj.) = linked or joined together • indicate (v.) = show • reinforce (v.) = confirm (v.) = strengthen (v.)

36. Word level: meaning • reinforce (v.) = strengthen; confirm • assist (v.) = aid (v.) = help (v.) • energized (v.) = gave energy or power • ensured (v.) = guaranteed (v.) = made it certain

37. Sentence level: words (D) 1. The witness said she saw the defendant gesturing energetically. 2. The witness probably did not hear the defendant because the sound energy would not have reached her ears. 3. The farmer decided to take the insurance company to court because their denial of his claim energized him to take some action.

38. Sentence level: words 4. Hail damages to the hood of a car but not the tires because the energy from the falling hail is directed from above, not from the sides. 5. Any energetic entrepreneur can become a forensic meteorologist. 6. In order to be certified, a meteorologist should understand the energy of different weather phenomena.

39. Word form chart (E) 1. The coherence between lightning and the emission of high-energy gamma rays will be the result of all the separate pieces of data. 2. The high-energy phenomena in space causes emissions of gamma rays. 3. That gamma rays that exhibited signs of originating near Earth’s surface was special about the gamma rays found in 1994.

40. Word form chart (E) 4. Duke got the money and resources to pursue their research with the assistance of the National Science Foundation. 5. The scientists are examining thunderclouds by looking at different sections of thunderclouds. 6. Scientists wouldn’t be able to find TGFs (terrestrial gamma-ray flashes) in Canada because they depend on atmospheric phenomena found only in the tropics.