PART 2

1. PART 2

2. Development of Judaism Exodus 1280 BCE • Israelites move from Canaan to Egypt • Forced into slavery • Moses - Born Hebrew but raised as a Pharoah • God tells him to lead the Hebrews out of bondage • Exodus from slavery in Egypt • Return to “the land of milk and honey” • Celebrated by Pesach (Passover) • Leads them to Mt. Sinai Revelation • Moses meets God again - Mount Sinai • Renewal of the Covenant • Reveals 10 Commandments

3. Development of Judaism Monarchy 1004 – 928 BCE • Kings: • King David • Military leader • Established Jerusalem as the capital city – neutral site • Regarded as a model of the ‘Messiah’ • Unites all the tribes of Israel • King Solomon • Son of David • built temple in Jerusalem • – centre of Jewish life for 1000 yrs

4. Development of Judaism Babylonian Exile • Assyrians invaded captured Israel - 721 BCE • Took land & evicted citizens • Babylonians – 500 BCE • Temple of Solomon destroyed • Captured Jewish leaders • Impact – Changed how people worshipped • creation of synagogues – worship in dispersed communities • Development of rabbis (teachers) • concept of Messiah “anointed one” will return Diaspora: 400 - 300 BCE • ‘sowing of seed’ • dispersal of Jews outside of Israel • Refers to all Jews living outside of Israel • Forced settlement

5. Development of Judaism • Hellenization: 332 BCE • Middle East controlled by Alexander the Great • Jewish people fell under influence of Greek culture • Adopted Greek dress, architecture, names • Bible translated and organized – Law, Prophecy, Poetry • Different Jewish sects develop • Pharisees (anti), Sadducees (pro), Zealots (rebels) • Maccabean Revolt: 168 BCE • Greek leader converted The temple rededicated it to Zeus - resentment • Maccabees revolted and took control of Jerusalem

6. Development of Judaism Expansion of Roman Empire and rule: 64 BCE • Treated poorly, taxed heavily • Romans controlled temple, high priest • Jesus crucified by Romans during this time • 66 CE Jews revolt - Romans respond with force • destroy the temple leaving only the Western Wall

7. Beliefs Messiah • View of Jesus • born a Jew, a preacher and teacher • Jesus was not the Son of God; • Believe the Messiah ‘anointed’ one is still to return Lineage • People are born a Jew (through mother) • can convert (gerut) • Reveal knowledge, confirm Jewish beliefs

8. Development of Judaism • Prophetic Tradition: • ie Abraham, Moses, Jesus?? • Prophet • one who sees the future • Speaks on behalf of God • Jewish Tradition • One who receives a message from God and passes it on to people. • word of God spoken through prophets • “Love God and keep the covenant with Him”

9. Beliefs Death and Afterlife • On death, body returns to earth (dust to dust) • but soul returns to God who gave it • Body will be resurrected and reunited with soul at a later time • (therefore no cremation) Mitzvah • Act of performing a good deed or commandment • (ie. 10 Commandments) • Direction on how to live ethically and keep covenant with God • Bible contains total of 613 mitzvoth • (248 do, 365 do not)

10. Development of Judaism After death of Saul • Division: Northern tribes = Israel Southern tribes = Judah centred around Jerusalem

11. Practices • Holy Ark & Torah • Blessings and prayer • Minyan • Kashruth • Shabbat • Circumcision • Shofar • Bar / Bat Mitvah • Marriage • Death & Shiva

12. Holidays • Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur • Hanukkah • Passover

13. Symbols • Star of David= shape of King David’s shield; symbol adopted by Zionists • Menorah = ancient source of light 7 branched= Sabbath 9 branched= Hanukah