Recovery and Transition: Building Resilient Community

1. Recovery and Transition: Building Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

2. Learning Objectives By the end of this course, the participant should be able to: • Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction • Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure • Discuss the opportunitiesfor risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery • Explain Community Disaster Resilience • Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

3. Emergency Management Framework Emergency/Disaster Response Preparedness Recovery First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Mitigation Prevention

4. Disaster Recovery Recovery “... focuses on how best to restore the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis and to prevent relapses. In so doing, recovery seeks not only to catalyze sustainable development activities, but also to build upon earlier humanitarian programs to ensure that their inputs become assets for development.” (source: United Nations Development Program 2001) First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

5. Recovery Phase Emergency Hazard Risks People Property Environment Services Livelihood Community People Property Environment Services Livelihood (Vulnerable) Disaster INFORMATION First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Recovery/ Rehabilitation Capacities used To manage Risks, (Damages, Losses Needs)

6. Emergency Response and Recovery Sudden Impact Mitigation Preparedness 2 Ongoing Development 1 3 5 4 Warning Indicators (Flash Points) ACTIVITY Reconstruction First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Rehabilitation Rapid / Detailed Assessment Emergency Relief Search & Rescue EMERGENCY PHASE Days / Weeks WARNING PHASE Months / Weeks / Hours Rehabilitation / Recovery Many Months TIME

7. Recovery - from Response to Development 1. Saving Lives 2. Emergency Aid 3. Short term Intervention 4.Emergency Funding 5. Providing for the Community. 6. Emergency (Relief) Aid. 7. Spontaneous Interventions 8. Consumption Subsidy 9. Politicization of Emergencies. 10. Short Time Frame used advantageously. RESPONSE 1. Saving Livelihoods 2. Support to rehabilitation 3. Longer term planning 4. Combined Funding Proposals 5. Working with the community 6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support 7. Appropriate Interventions 8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence 10. Strengthening of Coping Strategies TRANSITION First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman 1. Building Livelihoods 2. Building Communities 3.Long Term Development 4. Developmental Funding 5. Understanding the community 6. Developmental Support 7. Planned strategies. 8. Investment Subsidy 9. Political Proficiency 10. Sustainability SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

8. Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (DANA) • a description of what has happened and what needs • to be done • Direct damage • Damage Assessment and Loss Analysis (DALA) • includes quantification of direct, indirect, economic, • social, and psychological damage incurred by a • disaster • indirect losses First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

9. Comprehensive DALA: • indirect losses • estimation of macro-economic impacts • national income • government debt • trade deficit • development prospects • estimation of intangible impacts • social • psychological • environmental • loss of life First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

10. Exercise 1 What are the damagesand losses • incurred in a typhoon disaster, the needs, and the capacities utilized during the response operations that we need to rebuild, recover for the better? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

11. “Opportunities in disasters” What are the opportunities in recovery and reconstruction that might be considered for long-term capacity development? Q & A First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

12. Some opportunities for development (of health systems): • additional financial resources (national / international) • additional human resources (national / international) • lessons learned from experience, including gaps in health system • demonstration and opportunities for training needs • reconstruction but “build back better” • social pressure and political will to reduce risk and enhance capacity First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

13. From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction If there is no clear cut boundary between responses and recovery processes… this means: Don’t wait, think ahead! Build on the momentum of response to anticipate longer-term recovery and reconstruction. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

14. Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

15. Health Roles in Managing Risks First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

16. Medium-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process Some key health effects from disasters: • contamination of food and water supplies, • emotional stress, • epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc. • endemic diseases • reduced health levels • decline in nutritional status First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

17. Long-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process • Psychosocial • Concurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in mental health services, increase in incidence of common mental health problems • Gender and Health • Family planning and reproductive health services • Safety of women and children • Inclusion of women in reconstruction planning • 3. Environment • Clean-up, hazard reduction and environmental management of the incident site First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

18. Long-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process • 4. Chronic Illnesses • Continued health care services for long-term • disabilities from the events • 5. Emergent and Re-emergent illness • Monitoring for delayed / ongoing health impacts • Surveillance for potentially emergent and re-emergent endemic diseases or areas • Housing • Permanent Accommodation • Access to regular Services First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

19. Clear picture of what really happened • Actual test to the capacity to manage risk • Damages, losses, capacities utilized • Way to monitor plan iplementation • Good practices and lessons learned • What went right, what went wrong and what is the • next action to be done to build better • Basis for documentation Post- Incident Evaluation First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

20. Q & A What is your concept about Resilience in the context of disaster management? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

21. The ability of a system, community or society exposed to • hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover • from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient • manner, including through the preservation and • restoration of its essential structures and functions • ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster • It is determined by the degree the community has the • necessary resources and capability of organizing itself • during times of need Resilience First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

22. Resilience • Resilience of a community in respect to potential • hazard events is determined by the degree to which • the community has the necessary resources and is • capable of organizing itself both to and during times • of need First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

23. Q & A Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient Community based on the definition given? Differentiate Resilience from Capacity. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

24. A resilient community has the capacity to: • absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance • or adaptation • manage or maintain certain basic functions and • structures during disasters • recover or bounce back after and event Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

25. Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than • capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior, • strategies and measures for risk reduction and • management that are normally understood as capacities • though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity • often mean the same as resilience • focus of resilience – what communities can do for • themselves and how to strengthen their capacities • rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to • disaster or their needs in an emergency Resilience vs. Capacity First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

26. Exercise 2: Resilient Community • Revisit the Exercise 1 Output. From this the community • can now recover for better. • Based from your outputs, conceptualize by listing down • the Elements of a Resilient Community. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

27. Resilient Community “Disaster Resilient Community” is ideal that no community can ever be completely safe from natural and man-made hazards……!!! First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

28. WHO 6 Building Blocks of a Health System for a Resilient Community Service Delivery Improved Health (Level and Equity) Access Coverage Health Workforce Information Responsiveness Medical Products, Vaccines & Technologies First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman Social and Financial Risk Protection Quality Safety Health Financing System Improved Efficiency Leadership/Good Governance

29. 1. Good health services • involves effective, safe, quality personal and • non-personal health interventions to those who need them, • when and where needed, with minimum waste of resources • 2. Well Performing Health Workforce • one which works in ways that are responsive, fair, and • efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible, • given available resources and circumstances • , First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

30. 3. Well functioning health information system • ensures production, analysis, dissemination and use of • reliable ad timely information on health determinants, • health systems performance and health status • Equitable access to essential medical products, • vaccines and technologies • with assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness, • and their scientifically sound and cost-effective use First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

31. 5. Good Health Financing System • raises adequate funds for health, in ways that ensure people can use needed services, and are protected from financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with having to pay for them • 6. Leadership and Governance • ensure existence of strategic policy frameworks combined with effective oversight, coalition building, the provision of appropriate regulations and incentives, attention to system-design, and accountability First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

32. A community organization • A DRR and disaster preparedness plan • A community early warning system • Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue, • medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer • house construction, fire fighting • Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics • Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc. • Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions • A community disaster reduction fund to implement • risk reduction activities • Safer sources of livelihood ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level of resilience First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

33. A community organization • A DRR and disaster preparedness plan • A community early warning system • Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue, • medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer • house construction, fire fighting • Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics • Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc. • Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions • A community disaster reduction fund to implement • risk reduction activities • Safer sources of livelihood ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level of resilience First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

34. Learning Objectives By the end of this course, the participant should be able to: • Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction • Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure • Discuss the opportunitiesfor risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery • Explain Community Disaster Resilience • Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

35. Thank You First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman