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ZOONOTIC DISEASES

ZOONOTIC DISEASES. Tartu 10.3.-11.3.2004. DEFINITION. diseases from animals to humans or visa versa directly from animals by inhalation, contact or bites indirectly by contaminated soil or other material by vectors (insects). IMPORTANCE.

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ZOONOTIC DISEASES

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  1. ZOONOTIC DISEASES Tartu 10.3.-11.3.2004 Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  2. DEFINITION • diseases from animals to humans or visa versa • directly from animals by inhalation, contact or bites • indirectly by contaminated soil or other material • by vectors (insects) Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  3. IMPORTANCE • in industrialised countries by food or drinks (water, milk etc) • as occupational diseases rare • in animal contact • in environments where animals are Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  4. IN EU • Council Directive 92/117/EEC: • yearly report on the zoonoses situation in the country • the following is based on the Finnish zoonoses report in 1995 - 1999 Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  5. MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS (BOVINE TBC) • TBC free status of bovine herds • eradicated in 1960´s for the most part • latest detection 1982 • no TBC isolated from deer, swine or zoo animals in 2002 • in man M. bovis found 0-1 times a year Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  6. BRUCELLOSIS • brucellosis free status of bovine herds • latest case in cattle in 1960 • brucellosis free status of ovine (sheep) and caprine (coat) herds • never recorded in Finland • porcine brucellosis has been recorded in Finland • 0-2 human cases a year; mostly from food eaten abroad Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  7. SALMONELLA • in 2002 found in two broiler breeding flocks and in one turkey breeding flock • no cases in egg production • in 9 herds of cattle • none in swine • in man 500 - 1 300 domestic cases yearly; 2500 - 3500 abroad • no occupational cases known Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  8. TRICHINELLA • trichinellosis has been detected in a few domestic swine every year during the last 20 years • in 2002 two cases in over 2 million samples • none found in horses • two in farmed wild boars • in wild animals 55 positive of 296 samples • no human cases in 2002 Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  9. RABIES • since 1991 Finland is free of rabies • no positive cases in 2002 • vaccination programme: • to immunise wild animals coming from Russia • 80 000 immunisation baits spread by plane in south-eastern border area of 250 km long and 20-30 km wide • no human cases Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  10. LISTEROSIS • listed as a zoonotic disease even if it is mostly a microbe of the soil • for animals Listeria rarely causes diseases • importance in food-chain: • it can grow in temperatures found in refrigerators • commonly found in soil and animal faeces • commonly by food, very rarely by direct contact to sick animal Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  11. YERSINOSIS • the third most common cause of bacterial gastrointestinal infections (after Campylobacter and Salmonella) • 2002 695 cases reported • by food or drinks • according to the serologic studies occupational exposure is evident, but clinical disease? • Occupational nature no shown Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  12. ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS • found in reindeer close to the Russian border and from imported horses • in 2002 in 21 reindeer out of 65 358 samples tested • none found in cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, pigs, horses or moose in 2002 • no human cases in 2002 Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  13. TOXOPLASMOSIS • found in cats, wild animals etc • causes abortions and malformations in humans • 34 human cases reported in 2002 • it has been estimated that each year about 50 children are borne with toxoplasmosis • no reported cases as an occupational disease in Finland Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  14. EHEC 1 • definition disputable • verocytotoxic E. coli (serotype O157) • new • cattle is the main reservoir • animals are not effected • in 1997 1,3 % of all herds were positive Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  15. EHEC 2 • EHEC dies in heating but can survive freezing and stands well acid environment (German type sausages) • in humans the toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) causes the symptoms • hemorrhagic diarrhoea • mortality 5 % in children under 5 y Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  16. EHEC 3 • in the beginning 1990 only a few sporadic cases from abroad • in 1996-1997 the disease spread to Finland • in 2002 at slaughter 9 positive samples out of 195 • 17 human cases Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  17. EHEC 4 • not known occupational diseases • but cases of children living in farms have been reported • children living in farms are in risk Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

  18. ERYSIPELOTHRIX • common microbe in soil • causes typical disease in swine • about 5000 cases in swine yearly • in abattoirs and in farms can be an occupational diseases: • causes skin infection in damaged skin • septic form rare Markku Seuri, FIOH, 2004

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