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A Star is Born!

A Star is Born!. Hi, kids!. You will learn how stars are made . You will also learn how stars are your great – great – great – great – great –great – great –great –great – great – great great – great – great – great –great –great – great - great grandparents!. The Sun Song (classic version).

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A Star is Born!

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  1. A Star is Born! Hi, kids! You will learn how stars are made.You will also learn how stars are your great – great – great – great – great –great – great –great –great – great – great great – great – great – great –great –great – great - great grandparents! The Sun Song (classic version) The Sun Song (rock version)

  2. All stars are “born” in nebulae. A nebula is an enormous cloud of hydrogen and helium gas in space. nebula

  3. click to zoom in One of the “stars” in Orion is actually a nebula

  4. Another famous nebula:The “Horsehead” nebula

  5. nebula protostar Over time, the nebula’s own gravity makes the nebula come together into a ball, called a protostar

  6. When hydrogen fuses into helium, it gives off light (photons). This is why stars shine! The pressure inside a protostar is so strong that hydrogen (H) fuses together to become helium (He) H H He H H

  7. Fusion happens billions of times every second inside a star H H H H He He H H H H H H He He H H H H H H

  8. Stars shine because of nuclear fusion! H H H H H H He H H He H H H H He H H He He He H H H H H H H H He H H H H H H He H H H H

  9. Protostars look like this:

  10. Eventually, protostars give off enough light to be officially called stars Don’t forget – a star is just a big ball of gas! Our sun is just a big ball of gas

  11. Most stars have a “buddy star” – pairs of stars are called binary star systems This imaginary center is called the “Barycenter” However, you wouldn’t be here without stars... X

  12. Every atom in your bodywas made by a star! “The nitrogen in our DNA, the calcium in our teeth, the iron in our blood, and the carbon in our apple pies were all made in the interior of collapsing stars. We are made of starstuff” – Carl Sagan The atoms of everything in this room, this town, and this planet were created inside a star!

  13. Stars make all the different elements:3 helium atoms fuse into 1 carbon atom He C He He

  14. 4 helium atoms fuse into 1 oxygen atom He He O He He

  15. This star is now a called a “Red Giant” – “cool” stars are red This star has no more hydrogen in its center – only in its outer edge. This causes the star’s exterior to expand and cool. Eventually stars run out of their hydrogen fuel, from the center out

  16. Our sun will become a red giant in about 5 billion years

  17. Oh no, the sun will blow up in 157, 787, 999, 999, 999, seconds ! (2,629,800,000,000,000 minutes) (43,830,000,000,000 hours) (1,826,250,000,000 days) (5,000,000,000 years) Assume 365.25 days per year Debug: in presentation mode, start countdown. Then escape from presentation mode. Then return to presentation mode. It will work

  18. Mercury and Venus will be destroyed Is it getting hot in here or is it just me? E Help! V Our sun is currently a “Main Sequence” star – but will grow into a Red Giant! M

  19. After all the fusion stops inside a red giant, the gases float away and onlythe core remains This leftover gas is called a “Planetary Nebula” This core is called a “White Dwarf”

  20. Example of a planetary nebula

  21. Example of a planetary nebula

  22. Example of a planetary nebula

  23. Example of a planetary nebula

  24. The White Dwarf is the burned out core of the star – like a burnt piece of charcoal

  25. Eventually, white dwarfs fade to black as they cool off

  26. Stars smaller than our sun never become red giants – they just fizzle out into white dwarfs Which eventually burns out completely into a Black Dwarf

  27. Betelgeuse click to zoom in Stars much larger than our sun become enormous red giants

  28. A super red giant has intense fusion in its core – and explodes into a supernova A supernova can be brighter than a million stars!

  29. The last Supernova we observed without a telescope was in 1604. It was so bright you could see it in the day time! Example of a Supernova

  30. The white dwarf inside asupernovacollapses into aneutron star neutron star

  31. A neutron star inside the Puppis Supernova You’ll learn more about neutron stars soon…

  32. Really bigneutron starscollapseinto black holes You’ll learn more about black holes soon too… That's all, folks!

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