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Basic Microbiology

Basic Microbiology. An Introduction to the World of Microbiology. 1. Archaea. Archaea – Extremophiles -Very small bacteria that are adapted to extreme conditions Thermophiles- extreme heat Psychrophiles – Cold( ice caps) Halophiles – high concentrations of salt

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Basic Microbiology

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  1. Basic Microbiology An Introduction to the World of Microbiology

  2. 1. Archaea Archaea – Extremophiles -Very small bacteria that are adapted to extreme conditions Thermophiles- extreme heat Psychrophiles – Cold( ice caps) Halophiles – high concentrations of salt Methanogens – live in a hostile environment and produce methane gas as a by product of their life style Sulfur loving bacteria – live in high concentrations of sulfurous gases

  3. 2. Bacteria • Eubacteria – True bacteria – Includes environmental bacteria such as nitrogen fixing bacteria and bacteria of decay and decomposition as well as pathogens. • Cyanobacteria – Formerly known as blue green algae – small, unicellular algae found in ponds, lakes, streams, and the ocean. Essential to the web of life

  4. Prokaryote cells • Are very small and undifferentiated • Lack a nuclear membrane • Lack cellular organelles like mitochondria • Have unique cell walls and cell membranes • Have only one circular chromosome

  5. Bacterial Growth= Cell Division Binary fission

  6. Bacterial cells can be seen with a light microscope or an electron microscope

  7. 3. Eukarya • Includes • Protozoans • Algae • Fungi • Animals and Plants

  8. Historical Roots of Microbiology

  9. 1660: Robert Hooke (1635-1703) published "Micrographia", containing drawings and detailed observations of biological materials made with the best compound microscope and illumination system of the time. 1676: Anton von Leeunhoek (1632-1723) was the first person to observe microorganisms. 1883: Carl Zeiss pioneered developments in microscopy (such as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses which reduce chromatic aberration) which perist until the present day. 1931: Ernst Rusko -constructed the first electron microscope. Microscopy

  10. 1688: Francesco Redi (1626-1678) was an Italian physician who refuted the idea of spontaneous generation by showing that rotting meat carefully kept from flies will not spontaneously produce maggots. 1836: Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) helped develop the cell theory of living organisms, namely that that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells and that the cell is the basic functional unit of living organisms. 1861: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) famous experiments with swan-necked flasks finally proved that microorganisms do not arise by spontaneous generation.

  11. Redi’s Experiment

  12. Edward Jenner

  13. 1546: Hieronomus Fracastoro (Girolamo Fracastoro) wrote "On Contagion" ("De contagione et contagiosis morbis et curatione"), the the first known discussion of the phenomenon of contagious infection. 1835 Agostino Bassi de Lodi showed that a disease affecting silkworms was caused by a fungus - the first microorganism to be recognized as a contagious agent of animal disease. 1847: Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865), a Hungarian physician who decided that doctors in Vienna hospitals were spreading childbed fever while delivering babies. He started forcing doctors under his supervision to wash their hands before touching patients. 1857: Louis Pasteur proposed the "germ theory" of disease. 1867: Joseph Lister (1827-1912) introduced antiseptics in surgery. By spraying carbolic acid on surgical instruments, wounds and dressings, he reduced surgical mortality due to bacterial infection considerably

  14. Lister’s Carboxylic spray Pasteur Fermentation Sterile Surgery Beer and Bread

  15. 1876: Robert Koch (1843-1910). German bacteriologist was the first to cultivate anthrax bacteria outside the body using blood serum at body temperature. Building on pasteur's "germ theory", he subsequently published "Koch's postulates" (1884), the critical test for the involvement of a microorganism in a disease: The agent must be present in every case of the disease. The agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the agent is inoculated into a susceptible host. The agent must be recoverable from the experimentally-infected host.

  16. Fields of Microbiology Bacteriology Virology Epidemiology Immunology Parasitology Protozoology Mycology Virology

  17. Modern Microbiology Recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering Biotechnology

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