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Exploring the spiritual needs of clients in therapeutic community treatment

Exploring the spiritual needs of clients in therapeutic community treatment. PD DDr . Human-Friedrich Unterrainer Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna Karl-Franzens-University, Graz Austria. 30th anniversary of the Grüner Kreis Society:

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Exploring the spiritual needs of clients in therapeutic community treatment

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  1. Exploring the spiritual needs of clients in therapeutic community treatment PD DDr. Human-Friedrich Unterrainer Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna Karl-Franzens-University, Graz Austria

  2. 30th anniversary of the Grüner Kreis Society: 2013 Conference on „Addiction & Spirituality“ www.a-research.info

  3. Content: • Bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model of health and illness • Dimensions of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (RSWB) in relation to personality and subjective well-being • RSWB dimensions in addictive diseases • Conclusions

  4. Bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model of health and lllness • The bio-psycho-social model of health and disease, first proposed by Engel (1977), includes different aspects of health and illness such as biological, psycho-social and socio-economic factors. • Specifically, on evaluating relevant literature in this field of research, it can be concluded that this model – though comprehensive in principle – disregards a variety of facets which may also play a crucial role in health and illness. • For instance, this model does not consider religiosity and spirituality which can be assumed to be important in health and subjective well-being.

  5. The concept of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (RSWB)(Unterrainer, Ladenhauf, & Huber, 2002) Hope Godimage Spiritual Forgiveness Bio-Psycho-Social AcceptanceofMortality Rituals/ Symbols

  6. A definition for “Religious/Spiritual Well-Being” (RSWB) can be given as… …“the ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in existence through a connectedness with self, others or a power greater than oneself.”

  7. Dimensions of RSWB (α=.89) / Item examples : • General Religiosity (α=.94) “My faith gives me a feeling of security” • Connectedness (α=.80) “I have experienced the feeling of being absorbed into something greater” • Forgiveness (α=.86) ”There are things which I cannot forgive”(coded reversely) • Experiences of Sense and Meaning (α=.73) “I have experienced true (authentic) feelings” • Hope Immanent (α=.81) “I view the future with optimism” • Hope Transcendent (α=.75) “I often think about the fact that I will have to leave behind my loved ones” (coded reversely)

  8.  RSWB-dimensions were found to be substantially related with personality factors and varying indicators of mental health.

  9. Religious/ Spiritual Well-Being Extraversion Neuroticism Psychoticism MagicalThinking

  10. „The best cure for dipsomania is religiomania" William James (1842-1910)

  11. „Spiritus contra Spiritum“

  12. Note.**p<.01; ***p<.001

  13. Note.(1)n=120; (2)n=60; *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001; Pearson's r coefficient.

  14. A male (19 y), college student whose first year was being seriously compromised after severe, 18-month, poly drug misuse, was treated with 11 sessions including a 2-month follow-up of neurofeedback combined with short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. • The combined treatment was found to be highly effective with the student who learned to deal with feelings of anhedonia and alienation. There was no relapse during the follow-up phase.

  15. Dimensions of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (RSWB) were found to be substantially decreased in addictive patients. • Nevertheless, RSWB dimensions such as Hope or Forgiveness were confirmed as important resources for substance dependent in-patients. • Overall, our research suggests that therapeutic intervention programs focusing on building a positive and meaningful personal framework, akin to that of a religious/spiritual orientation, may contribute to positive outcomes in addiction treatment. • Longitudinal research is recommended in order to further elucidate the role of spirituality in addiction treatment.

  16. Corresponding author: human.unterrainer@uni-graz.at

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