1 / 40

ATMO 2301 Class #10: Monday, September 20, 2010

ATMO 2301 Class #10: Monday, September 20, 2010. The B Climate Types The Oceans. The B (dry) climate types. Occupy more area than any other climate group—deficient in precipitation most of year Have potential evaporation and transpiration that exceed precipitation

arnaud
Download Presentation

ATMO 2301 Class #10: Monday, September 20, 2010

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ATMO 2301 Class #10: Monday, September 20, 2010 The B Climate Types The Oceans Monday, September 20, 2010

  2. The B (dry) climate types • Occupy more area than any other climate group—deficient in precipitation most of year • Have potential evaporation and transpiration that exceed precipitation • Generally occur in 2 contexts • Near the subtropical highs • On the leeward or downwind side of mountain ranges Monday, September 20, 2010

  3. B Climate Subgroups • There are four: BWh, BWk, BSh, BSk • W is a true desert, extremely dry • S is semi-arid, or steppe • h is a hot climate • K is a cold (in winter) climate • Lubbock has a BSk climate Monday, September 20, 2010

  4. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-6, p. 477

  5. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-7a, p. 478

  6. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-7b, p. 479

  7. Monday, September 20, 2010 Table 17-1a, p. 480

  8. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-2, p. 472

  9. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-5, p. 476

  10. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-12, p. 484

  11. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-13, p. 484

  12. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-15, p. 486

  13. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-14, p. 485

  14. Monday, September 20, 2010 Fig. 17-16, p. 486

  15. More B Climate facts • Subtropical deserts extend from roughly 20-30° latitude in large continental regions, often surrounded by mountains • Xerophytes are plants capable of surviving long periods of drought—cacti, creosote bushes and short-lived plants • Steppe has characteristic vegetation—short bunch grass, scattered low bushes, sagebrush Monday, September 20, 2010

  16. Introduction to the oceans Monday, September 20, 2010

  17. Interpreting heat fluxes for the oceans • Positive ocean heat flux • Ocean gains energy • Ocean temperature < air temperature • Negative ocean heat flux • Ocean loses energy • Ocean temperature > air temperature • Fluxes are radiative, sensible and latent heating Monday, September 20, 2010

  18. Fig. 8-1, p. 210

  19. Advection of energy by ocean currents • Advection helps balance the overall energy budget of the earth and atmosphere • Chapter 2 included only the average for the whole globe • There is an energy deficit at higher latitudes • There is an energy excess at lower latitudes Monday, September 20, 2010

  20. Fig. 8-2, p. 211

  21. Vertical structure of the oceans • There are three layers of the ocean • Nearest the surface is the surface zone or mixed layer of nearly constant temperature • Deepest is the deep zone of slowly decreasing temperature approaching 0°C • Between the surface layer and the deep zone is the thermocline, where temperature decreases downward rapidly from the surface layer Monday, September 20, 2010

  22. Fig. 8-3, p. 212

  23. Fig. 8-4, p. 213

  24. Sea Surface Temperatures • Are actually measured a few feet below the surface • Are influenced by latitude and ocean currents • Cold ocean currents flow equatorward or in the west to east direction in middle and high latitudes • Warm ocean currents flow poleward or in the east/west directions in tropical latitudes Monday, September 20, 2010

  25. Fig. 8-5, p. 213

  26. Directions of ocean currents • Ocean currents flow in gyres around the various ocean basins • The gyres flow in an anti-cyclonic direction, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere • The gyres form under the influence of the subtropical highs, the deflection of the Coriolis effect, surface friction, and the boundaries of land masses Monday, September 20, 2010

  27. Fig. 8-6, p. 214

  28. The oceans have motions similar to weather systems in the atmosphere • Front-like features can develop at the boundaries of ocean currents • Eddies can develop at the boundaries of ocean currents Monday, September 20, 2010

  29. Fig. 8-7, p. 214

  30. Fig. 8-8, p. 215

  31. Fig. 8-9, p. 215

  32. Fig. 8-10, p. 216

  33. Fig. 8-11, p. 217

  34. Fig. 8-12, p. 218

  35. Fig. 8-13, p. 218

  36. Fig. 8-14, p. 219

  37. Table 8-1, p. 220

  38. Fig. 8-15, p. 221

  39. Fig. 8-16, p. 221

  40. Fig. 8-17, p. 222

More Related