Intermediate report on Performance Analysis of Zigbee Wireless Personal Area Networks

1. Intermediate report on Performance Analysis of Zigbee Wireless Personal Area Networks By, Vaddina Prakash Rao Under the Guidance of, Mr. Dimitri Marandin 25th August 2005 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

2. Contents • Introduction to Zigbee • Zigbee Applications • IEEE 802.15.4 standard • Zigbee Basics • The Simulation Tool • Simulation Parameters • Results • Future Work and Conclusions http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

3. 1. Introduction to Zigbee • A technology designed to address the needs of Low Data Rate Applications • Important Features • Very Simple • Just about 14 PHY and 35 MAC Primitives • Low Data Rate • 868MHz – 20Kbps (Europe) • 914MHz – 40Kbps (USA) • 2.4GHz – 250Kbps (World Wide) • Very Low Power Consumption • 6 months – 2 years of battery use • Low Cost • Avg. Module Cost: 5 – 6 Euro http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

4. 2. Applications Home/Building/Industrial Automation • Lighting Control • Entertainment • Toys • Heating/Cooling Management • Temperature Sensors • Security systems • Gas Controllers • Locking Systems • Close Circuit Camera System • Pressure sensors in critical industrial applications • Interactive machines, robots http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

5. Upper Layers 802.2 LLC SSCS Beacon Management, Channel Access, GTS allocation, Association, Disassociation, Ack. Frame delivery MAC Activate/Deactivate Receiver, Energy Detection, Link Quality Indication, Association, Channel Frequency selection, Data transmission and reception PHY SSCS –Service Specific Convergence Layer GTS – Guaranteed time slot 3. IEEE 802.15.4 Standard http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

6. FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) RFD 4. Zigbee Basics • Co-ordinator • Full Function Device (FFD) • Reduced Function Device (RFD) • Beacon Enabled/ Non-Beacon Enabled Modes • Tracking/Non-Tracking Modes • Network Topologies • Star • Peer-to-Peer http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

7. INACTIVE 4.1 Superframe Structure BI = aBaseSuperFrameDuration x 2 BO SD = aBaseSuperFrameDuration x 2 SO Beacon Beacon CAP CFP (GTS) CAP – Contension Access Period CFP – Contension Free Period GTS – Guaranteed Time Slots BO/SO – Beacon/Superframe Order BI – Beacon Interval SD – Superframe Duration http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

8. Legend FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) RFD SCANNING BEACON 4.2 Network formation 1(0) 1 4(0) 4 8 8(0) PAN Co-ord 3 3(0) 0 0 2(0) 2 5(0) 5 7 7(0) 6(0) 6 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

9. Legend FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) DATA ACK 4.3 Data Transmission 4.3.1 Network Device to Coordinator 1. Coord: Beacon Transmission 2. Node: Synchronizes to the Super frame structure 3. Node: Waits for its turn of transmission using CSMA-CA PAN coord Node 0 1 4. Node: On its turn, transmits data 5. Coord: (Optional) Acknowledges the data reception http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

10. Legend FFD PAN-Coord (FFD) Data Request DATA ACK 4.3.2 Coordinator to a Network Device 1. Coord: Beacon Transmission 2. Node: Informed that co-ord has data for the Node PAN coord 0 1 3. Node: Sends Data-request 4. Coord: Acknowledges the data-request command 5. Coord: Sends data 6. Node: (Optionally) Node replies with an acknowledgement http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

11. 5. Simulation Tool: NS-2 • A Discrete Event Simulator • Support for simulation of wired and wireless networks • Zigbee Modules designed by The City University of New York and Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology. • NAM: Graphically represent simulation scenarios How it works ? • Accepts a scenario file with TCL interface • Generates the trace file (text file) • Generates the Animator Trace File (text file) http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

12. 5.1 Nam Snapshot http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

13. Autosim Counts=max_sims; Performance24.txt cnts == counts Performance868.txt YES *.tr Trace file Analyze *.scn wpan.scn NO drops24.txt NS *.nam Animator file *.tcl wpan.tcl nam drops868.txt cnts++ 5.2 Process Structure Blocks in Bold – NS Modules Blocks not in Bold – automation programs written for this project http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

14. 6. Simulation Parameters General • Simulation Time 1000Secs Zigbee Parameters • Frequency Band 868Mhz and 915Mhz • Scan Channels 0, 1 and 2 • RXThresh_ 4.56e-10 W • CSThresh_ 9.00741e-11 W • CPThresh_ 10 • Initial Energy 13000 Joules • Transmission Range 1 - 100m(10m) • Queue Length 150 • BO, SO 3, 3 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

15. Contd .... • Traffic Parameters • Traffic Type cbr • Number of Nodes 11 • Number of Coordinators 1 • Node Movement None • Node Position Manual • Packet Size 70 bytes Physical Parameters • Propagation Model TwoRay Ground • Antenna Type OmniAntenna • Transmitter gain in dB (Gt_) 1.0 • Receiver Gain in dB (Gr_) 1.0 • Antenna Height 0.1 http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

16. 7. Results 7.1 Throughput Analysis http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

17. Throughput Analysis http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

18. 7.2 Delay Analysis http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

19. 7.3 Delivery Ratio http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

20. Delivery Ratio http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

21. 7.4 Energy Analysis http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

22. Energy Analysis http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

23. 7.4 Drop Statistics http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

24. 8. Future Work and Conclusions • A detailed analysis of the performance metrics for the frequencies, 868Mhz and 2.4Ghz. • Simulation according to the ZMD‘ transceiver specifications. • Performance evaluation by varying the BO and the SO. • Especially the impact on network throughput by implementing CFP (GTS). • Statistical evaluation of the results. http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/

25. Thank you and Welcome to my final thesis presentation http://www.ifn.et.tu-dresden.de/tk/