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SEDIMENTATION & FILTRATION

SEDIMENTATION & FILTRATION. CE326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Iowa State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Tim Ellis, Associate Professor March 10, 2010. Definitions.

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SEDIMENTATION & FILTRATION

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  1. SEDIMENTATION & FILTRATION CE326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Iowa State University Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering Tim Ellis, Associate Professor March 10, 2010

  2. Definitions • Filtration: A process for separating s__________ and c ________ impurities from water by passage through a p______ medium, usually a bed of s_____. • Most particles removed in filtration are much s_______ than the p____ s___ between the sand grains, and therefore, adequate particle d____________ (coagulation) is extremely important. olloidal uspended orous and ore ize maller estabilization

  3. Filtration Spectrum VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE MICRO PARTICLES MACRO PARTICLES MOLECULES MACRO MOLECULES IONS MICRON Angström Molecular weight Sugars Viruses Algae and protozoans Dissolved salts Bacteria Pesticides Colloids Metal ions Sands Humic acids Reverse Osmosis Microfiltration Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration CONVENTIONAL FILTRATION Note : 1 Angström = 10-10 meter = 10-4 micron

  4. Performance • The influent t________ ranges from 1 - 10 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) with a typical value of 3 NTU. Effluent turbidity is about ____ NTU. urbidity 0.3

  5. Media • Medium SG • sand 2.65 • anthracite 1.45 - 1.73 • garnet 3.6 - 4.2

  6. History • S s filters were introduced in 1804: • sand diameter 0.2 mm • depth 1 m • loading rate 3 - 8 m3/d·m2 low and

  7. Slow Sand Filters chmutzdecke • S ___________________ - gelatinous matrix of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rotifera and a range of aquatic insect larvae. • As a Schmutzdecke ages, more a____ tend to develop, and larger aquatic organisms may be present including some bryozoa, snails and annelid w______. lgae orms

  8. http://water.shinshu-u.ac.jp/e_ssf/e_ssf_link/usa_story/12Someyafilteralgae.jpghttp://water.shinshu-u.ac.jp/e_ssf/e_ssf_link/usa_story/12Someyafilteralgae.jpg

  9. apid • R sand filters were introduced about 1890: • effective size 0.35 - 0.55 mm • uniformity coef. 1.3 - 1.7 • depth 0.3 - 0.75 m • loading rate 120 - 240 m3/d·m2

  10. D m filters introduced about 1940: • Depth: • anthracite (coal) 0.45 m • sand 0.3 m • loading rate 300 m3/d·m2 ual edia

  11. Pathogen Removal During Filtration • poliovirus removal with filtration but without coagulation: 1-50% • poliovirus removal with filtration and with coagulation: 90-99% • Cryptosporidium oocysts removal with filtration without coagulation: 90%

  12. Operation Filtration Backwash Backwash water out Fluidized Filter Media Backwash Water Filter Media Filtered Water Underdrain Support

  13. Particle Removal Mechanisms • Gravity • Inertial • Interception • Diffusion

  14. Inertia

  15. Particle Removal Mechanisms

  16. Ideal Filter Run Filter Ripening Period (Turbidity < 0.1 NTU in 15 min) Terminal Head loss

  17. Non-Air-Scouring Underdrain 21

  18. Non-Air-Scouring Underdrain 22

  19. Non-Air-Scouring Underdrain 23

  20. Wheeler Block

  21. Air-Scouring Underdrain 25

  22. Leopold Type S™ Technology Underdrain 26

  23. Air-Scouring Underdrain 27

  24. Bachwash Efficiency • 24 nozzles/ft2 or 268 nozzles/m2 - good • 5 nozzles/ft2 or 55 nozzles/m2 - acceptable • < 4 nozzles/ft2 or 40 nozzles/m2 – large dead zones 28

  25. Automatic Backwash Filter

  26. Automatic Backwash Filter

  27. first elevated steel water tank west of the Mississippi River • erected in 1897 under the supervision and design of Anson Marston • constructed due to a severe water shortage in 1895 that required cancellation of classes • tank holds 162,000 US gallons • 1978, the water tower was disconnected when the university switched to municipal water

  28. Water Towers, 1951-1970, Water District No. 54Located on the north side of the Des Moines Field House, near the current skateboard park

  29. Stanton, Iowa - 96 feet tall. - holds 2,400,000 cups of coffee (150,000 gals.)  - completed in time for Homecoming 2000.  Hollywood screen and TV personality Virginia Christine, "Mrs. Olson" of coffee commercial fame, was one of Stanton's famous daughters. At the time of our centennial in 1970, Virginia came home to be our parade marshal. During the celebration she served coffee to the public. Stanton's water tower was converted to a giant Swedish coffeepot the following year.

  30. Atlanta, Illinois Helm, California Adair, Iowa Ironwood, Michigan Markle, Indiana

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