Opener : Thursday, 9/23 Compare & contrast these molecules’ structures: Did you do your homework?

1. Opener: Thursday, 9/23 Compare & contrast these molecules’ structures: Did you do your homework? Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

2. Biochemistry!!! How YOU work!!!

3. 2.3 KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are the foundation of life! What are the living things in this photo???

4. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties& can form chains & rings

5. Monomers = individual subunits • Polymers = many monomers

6. Organic molecules: • Make up all living things! • Contain C • Made of polymers STORE ENERGY in bonds!!

7. Caloric value: • amount of stored energy (in bonds) • Proteins, carbs, lipids • have diff. structures  different caloric values!

8. Example! Which has a higher caloric value...ONE CUP OF... Almonds (1 cup) = 810 Chicken breast (1 cup) = 140 Spaghetti (1 cup) = 155 Butter (1 cup) = 1620 wHy???

9. 4 main types of ORGANIC molecules found in living things:CarbsProteinsLipidsNucleic acids

10. Functions! 1. Carbohydrates(sugars/starches) • Energy source for all organisms • cell respiration (make ATP from sugar) • Short-term energy storage • Structural molecule • Cellulose in plant cells • Break down into parts, make amino acids & fatty acids • Carbs = Fiber = digestion!!!

11. Carbohydrates • Made of: C-H-O • Monosaccharides • simple sugars (monomers) • Ex: glucose • Polysaccharides • Complex (polymers) • Ex: starch, cellulose, glycogen • Producers – use carbs as stored E • Consumers – broken down by digestion to get glucose (E)

12. Caloric value of carbs • depends on: # of C-H bonds • too many carbs?? • stored as FAT!

13. Triglyceride Functions! 2. Lipids (fats) • monomers: glycerol & fatty acids • Long-term energy storage • Phospholipids (membranes) • Hormones

14. Lipids • Made of: C H O • Important for E when carbs are scarce • More C-H bonds than carbs • BUT--stored fat accumulates! • Digestion: • Eat fats into blood stream  to cells • Stored for later IF no carbs available

15. Caloric value depends on • amount energy per gram HOW, WHY?? • fats have more than carbs or proteins • HIGH Caloric value!!!

16. Super important in human body!! • Used for E only when no carbs or lipids! 3. Proteins

17. 5 types of Proteins (different functions) • Structural ptns – support (connective tissue) • Transport – move substances thru body (hemoglobin carries oxygen!) • Hormones – coordinate body activities (insulin regulates glucose in blood • Contractile – movement (muscles) • Enzymatic – speed up chem. reactions (saliva)

18. Made of: C, H, O, N, (S) • Monomers = Amino acids • # Present: 20 total • But only 12 made in body! • 8 others from...?? • FOOD!!!! • what types give us protein?? • Almonds/peanuts, etc., meat, beans . . . . . Proteins

19. So, WHEN can your body break down proteins for energy???? • BUT – need to be turned into CARBS first!!! • Won’t happen if carbs or lipids around!! Proteins

20. Same as carbs, depends on C-H bonds! Caloric value

21. 4. Nucleic acids = polymers • Monomers = nucleotides • Ex. DNA, RNA • More to come!!!

22. Review for you!!! What element do all organic molecules have? What are monomers? What are polymers? What elements are in carbohydrates? Where is the energy stored in organic molecules? What is caloric value??

23. Review for you!!! What is the primary source of fuel for cell respiration? Give an example of monosaccharides? What happens if too many carbs are consumed? Which have more C-H bonds, carbs or lipids? How do you know? What does the body start to use if carbs or lipids are not available?

24. Review for you!!! What are the 5 types of proteins? Give examples of each! What are the monomers of proteins? How many amino acids are there? How many does the body make? Where do the others come from! You are training for a big race, what should you eat the night before and why?

25. Pineapple Lab