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PICK UP QUIZ #5 FOR ITEM ANALYSIS

PICK UP QUIZ #5 FOR ITEM ANALYSIS. Famous Rule Changes. Baseball = walks no longer count as hits, strikeouts now 3 strikes instead of four and pitcher’s mound 10 feet further back Football = forward pass, challenge flag, longer season Basketball = shot clock, 3 point line.

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PICK UP QUIZ #5 FOR ITEM ANALYSIS

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  1. PICK UP QUIZ #5 FOR ITEM ANALYSIS

  2. Famous Rule Changes • Baseball = walks no longer count as hits, strikeouts now 3 strikes instead of four and pitcher’s mound 10 feet further back • Football = forward pass, challenge flag, longer season • Basketball = shot clock, 3 point line

  3. Change The Rules of Inheritance?

  4. The Genetics of Dog Breeds • Dogs all belong to the same species, but there are 350-400 breeds • What determines dog breeds is controlled by only 50 genes (by contrast human height alone is controlled by over 200 genes)

  5. If Mendel’s Principle of Dominance Is Correct, How is Such Variety Possible?

  6. Mendelian Exceptions • Multiple Allele Inheritance • Incomplete Dominance • Polygenic Traits • Non-Autosomal Inheritance

  7. Exception #1: Incomplete Dominance

  8. Incomplete Dominance& Transcription • Normally, only one gene of the homologous pair is transcribed and translated • In situations of co-dominance and/or incomplete dominance, both alleles are transcribed

  9. Genotypes & Phenotypes • In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous genotype produces a “blended” phenotype • In co-dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is an equal expression of both phenotypes • As such, there are three values in the phenotypic ratio

  10. Exception #2: Co-Dominance/Multiple Allele Inheritance

  11. Blood Types • Four major blood groups • A • B • AB • O • The % of each blood type varies in different populations

  12. Multiple Allele Inheritance • More than one dominant allele, both alleles are expressed/translated equally • Different than codominance (where one dominant is “more dominant”/translated more frequently than the other) • Allows for a wider range of phenotypes • Examples: • Blood type, • Parrot Feathers • HLA System of Cell Identification • Cystic Fibrosis

  13. Antigens • Alleles code for different proteins on surface of RBC called antigens • Three possible alleles IA, IB and I • IA and IB code for different antigens

  14. Exception #3: Polygenic Inheritance

  15. Polygenic Traits • Trait is produced through the production of proteins from several genes • Phenotypic range is spread across a continuum • Examples: Skin tone, height, weight, neural tube formation, club foot • Related concept: Pleiotropy = one gene affects multiple traits

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