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Anti-Aging Essential Oils. Clove —the strongest known antioxidant, highest ORAC* (1,000,000+) Orange —rich in limonene, of the best studied compounds that fight mutated cells *mgTE/100g.
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Clove—the strongest known antioxidant, highest ORAC* (1,000,000+) Orange—rich in limonene, of the best studied compounds that fight mutated cells *mgTE/100g Thyme—powerful antioxidant that prevents degeneration in the brain, eyes, and heart, according to research in Scotland and Hungary
Cellular Mutations • All cells are susceptible to mutations • The degree of mutation: • initiation • promotion/progression • final metastasis stage • Numerous animal studies show d-limonene prevents, inhibits and regresses tumor growth
Limonene vs. Cell Mutations • Limonene has been shown to inhibit growth of all three stages of cancer: • Initial stage • Lee Wattenberg found d-limonene inhibited mutations in the lungs and forestomach • Promotion/progression stages • Terese Maltzman found d-limonene inhibited further growth of existing tumors • Metastatic stage • Jill Hagg and Michael Gould found d-limonene caused 80% regression of advanced, invasive tumors
Limonene vs. Solid Tumors • Researchers at the Department of Human Oncology in the University of Wisconsin found that limonene effectively reduced the size and incidence various chemically-induced tumors Elegbede et al. Regression of rat primary mammary tumors following dietary d-limonene. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 76 (2):323-325, 1986.
Limonene vs. Cancer • Michael Gould and his University of Wisconsin colleagues found that a 5% limonene diet fed to test animals for 18 to 30 weeks resulted in a 66% drop in mammary tumor incidence and a 42% drop in animals with a palpable tumor Gould MN et al. Limonene chemoprevention of mammary carcinoma induction following direct in situ transfer of v-Ha-ras. Cancer Res. 1994 Jul 1;54(13):3540-3.
Clinical Trials of Limonene • In a 1997 clinical trial at the Department of Medical Oncology in the Charing Cross Hospital in London, 32 patients with advanced breast and color cancer completed 99 courses of limonene administered orally • Dosages ranged from 1 gram to16 grams per day. • Researchers found promising results: • One partial response in a breast cancer patient on 16 grams per day was maintained for 11 months • Three patients with colon cancer showed stabilization of disease for more than six months. Vigushin DM et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of d-limonene in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials Committee. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1998;42(2):111-7.
Limonene vs. Cancer • The first of the three patients had no measurable cancer progression for nine months at a dose of 1 gram/day • The second patient with colon cancer showed a reduction of <50 percent in the size of the tumor after only two cycles of d-limonene at 1 gram/day and maintained the reduction for 12 months • The third patient with colon cancer showed stabilization on 2 grams/day for 7.5 months. Vigushin DM et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of d-limonene in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials Committee. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1998;42(2):111-7.
Thyme and Clove Oil • Researchers at the University of Cairo discovered that clove and thyme oil drastically slowed fatty acid oxidation (rancidity) • Only 0.12% thyme oil or 0.24% clove oil added to linoleic acid doubles it’s shelf life. • The unique synergistic relationship of essential oils and essential fatty acids has the potential to unleash profound health benefits
Thyme Oil Reverses Aging • The same way thyme oil protects oils outside of the body from rancidity, so they also protect fats inside the body. • Researchers at the Scottish Agricultural College tested the ability of thyme oil to preserve DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) levels in the brains of 100 subjects. • Levels of DHA decline steadily with age, as the body becomes unable to repair the damage to this essential fat.
Preserving Brain Function • Declining DHA levels are directly linked to age-related declines in memory and cognitive function • Using a daily dosage of thyme oil (42.5 mg/K of body weight), researchers found that thyme oil drastically slowed age-related DHA degradation in the brain • Surprisingly, DHA levels in the brains of 28-month-old animals reached the same level as 7-month olds • In human terms, this is the equivalent of an 80-year-old having the brain chemistry of a 20-year-old
Thyme Doubles Antioxidant Activity in the Brain of Test Animals thyme-treated thymol-treated control group Youdim, Deans, 2000
Protecting the Eyes • DHA is also critical for eye health • Declining DHA in the eye can lead to heightened risk of age-related macular degeneration—the leading cause of blindness in old age • Karesh Youdim and his colleagues found that both thyme and clove oils restored DHA levels in the eye to that of a much younger state
Thyme Oil Protects Tissues in Brain, Eyes, from Age-related Damage thymol-treated thyme-treated control
Protecting the Heart, Liver, & Kidneys • Further investigation found thyme oil not only preserved the DHA in the brain, but also in the heart, liver, and kidneys • Ingestion of thyme oil also increased glutathione—the single most important antioxidant enzyme in the body—in all three organs
Thyme Oil Enhances Antioxidant Levels in the Heart thyme-treated control
Thyme Oil Enhances Antioxidant Levels in the Liver thyme-treated control
Thyme Oil Enhances Antioxidant Levels in the Kidneys thyme-treated control
Boosting Glutathione Levels • Even more surprisingly, thyme oil raised total antioxidant levels throughout the organism • This included key internal antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.
Thyme Oil Protects the Liver • Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the most harmful substances to the liver • Researchers at the King Saud University in Saudi Arabia found that thymol (a large part of thyme oil) afforded mice powerful protection against CCl4-induced liver damage. • Thymol’s liver protecting properties were comparable to milk thistle (Silymarin marianum) Alam K et al. The protective action of thymol against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice. Pharmacol Res. 1999 Aug;40(2):159-63.
Thyme Oil Protects the Liver Thymol guards liver against CCl4 damage
Clove: The Ultimate Antioxidant • According to a test known as ORAC developed by USDA researchers at Tufts University, clove bud oil is the most powerful antioxidant known
Clove Protects the Brain and Eyes • Clove oil protects the tissues of the brain and eyes from age-related damage the same way thyme oil does • Researchers at the Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary, documented the ability of clove to increase DHA levels 30% in the retinas of aging rats. DHA is vital for eye health Recsan Z et al. Effect of essential oils on the lipids of the retina in the ageing rat: A possible therapeutic use. JEOR 9, 53-56 (Jan/Feb 1997)
Clove Protects Neurons in the Brain • A 1997 study at the Hallym University College of Medicine in South Korea found that eugenol (the chief component of clove oil) protected the neurons in the brain from lack of oxygen (such as that caused by a stroke) • Clove oil also protected brain structures against excitotoxins, which cause the premature death of brain structures through excess stimulation Wie MB et al. Eugenol protects neuronal cells from excitotoxic and oxidative injury in primary cortical cultures. Neurosci Lett. 1997 Apr 4;225(2):93-6.
Clove Protects the Blood • Dr. Nagashima of the Nihon University in Japan found that eugenol (the main component of clove oil) inhibited the destruction of the fatty outer membrane of human red blood cells • Destruction of this fatty acid membrane can damage the ability of the blood to transport oxygen • By protecting blood cell membranes, eugenol protects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood Nagashima K. Inhibitory effect of eugenol on Cu2+-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte membranes. Int J Biochem. 1989;21(7):745-9.
Clove Reduces Risk of Heart Disease • Several studies at Odense University in Denmark and other medical colleges have documented the ability of clove oil to reduce blood stickiness (platelet aggregation) • Blood stickiness—not high cholesterol—is one of the true risk factors for dying of heart disease. Numerous studies have shown that the stickier the blood, the higher the risk of suffering a fatal stroke or heart attack. Srivastava KC. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1993 May;48(5):363-72. Srivastava KC, Malhotra N. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1991 Jan;42(1):73-81. Saeed SA, Gilani AH. Antithrombotic activity of clove oil. J Pak Med Assoc. 1994 May;44(5):112-5.
Clove Oil vs. Aspirin • According to research published in the medical journal Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, clove oil components, eugenol and acetyl eugenol, were more potent than aspirin in inhibiting platelet aggregation. • Another study at the Kaohsiung Medical College in Taiwan, found clove oil to be 20-40 times more potent that aspirin in reducing blood stickiness Chen SJ et al. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Chen Pharmacol. 1996 Jun;27(4):629-33.
Clove vs. Carcinogens • A number of different sesquiterpenes in clove oil have been identified as possessing promising anticarcinogenic effects • Minnesota researcher Guo Zheng identified beta caryophellene, eugenol, and other compounds that nearly doubled the glutathione levels in the liver and small intestine • Glutathione is the most important detoxifying enzyme in the body, responsible for deactivating possible carcinogens Zheng GQ, Kenney PM, Lam LK. Sesquiterpenes from clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as potential anticarcinogenic agents.J Nat Prod. 1992 Jul;55(7):999-1003.