1 / 19

Chapter 05 Promoting Reproductive Health Through an Understanding of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Chapter 05 Promoting Reproductive Health Through an Understanding of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Screening Recommendations. CDC – opt-out testing, all patients ACOG – routine for women ages 19 – 64 Provide and document post-test counseling Conform to HIPAA regulations

arnold
Download Presentation

Chapter 05 Promoting Reproductive Health Through an Understanding of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 05Promoting Reproductive Health Through an Understanding of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  2. Screening Recommendations • CDC – opt-out testing, all patients • ACOG – routine for women ages 19–64 • Provide and document post-test counseling • Conform to HIPAA regulations • http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/ss/slideshow-std-pictures-and-facts

  3. HIV + Women: Special Concerns • Psychosocial issues • Gynecologic problems related to immunocompromise • Vulvovaginalcandidiasis • Human papillomavirus • Herpes simplex virus

  4. Chlamydia Trachomatis • Most common bacterial STD • Leading cause of preventable infertility • Complications include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease • Usually asymptomatic in women • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eww8tGkqGRw&feature=relmfu

  5. Chlamydia Trachomatis (cont’d) • Diagnosis • Culture • Direct immunofluorescence • Nucleic acid hybridization/amplification (NAAT) • Enzyme immunoassay • Treatment • Antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, azithromycin)

  6. Gonorrhea • Causative bacterium: Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Second most commonly reported STD • Women often asymptomatic • May progress to pelvic inflammatory disease

  7. Gonorrhea (cont’d) • USPSTF, CDC: Annually screen all sexually active women ages 25 and younger • Testing: culture, nucleic acid hybridization, NAAT (cervical or urine sample) • Treatment: antibiotics (cefixime, ceftriaxone); include partners

  8. Trichomoniasis • Causative protozoan: Trichomonas vaginalis • Most common curable STD in U.S. • May be asymptomatic • Symptoms: frothy vaginal discharge (gray, green) with foul odor

  9. Trichomoniasis (cont’d) • Diagnosis • Wet mount (+ motile trichomonad parasites) • Rapid trichomoniasis test, affirm VP III test • Treatment • Metronidazole; tinidazole • Treat partners simultaneously

  10. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Acute infection of uterus, fallopian tubes • May cause scarring, adhesions, blockage • Common causative organisms: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae • Symptoms: pain, bleeding, N & V • Treatment: combined drug therapy

  11. Human Papillomavirus • Cause of condylomataacuminata • Over 100 viral types identified • Usually asymptomatic, sub-clinical • Vaccine available for certain types • Treatment of external warts: topical chemical agents, cryotherapy, laser surgery, electrosurgery • http://www.webmd.com/cancer/cervical-cancer/slideshow-cervical-cancer-overview

  12. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 • HSV-1 associated with cold sores • HSV-2 associated with genital lesions • Occurs more frequently in women • Primary infection: flu-like symptoms, pain, appearance of multiple blister-like lesions • Recurrent outbreaks less severe • Transmission possible during viral shedding

  13. Herpes Simplex Virus (cont’d) • Diagnosis: viral culture, serum testing • Treatment goal: hasten healing, reduce symptoms • Antiviral medications • Complementary care measures • Patient education

  14. Syphilis • Causative spirochetal bacterium: Treponemapallidum • Transmission: sexual intercourse, transplacental (maternal-fetal) • Increased incidence since 2001 • Understanding Syphilis (STDs #1) You tube

  15. Syphilis (cont’d) • Primary: chancre • Secondary: fever, rash, malaise, headache, weight loss, condylomata lata • Tertiary: gummas, joint disease, neurosyphilis, C-V syphilis • Treatment: penicillin G, doxycycline, tetracycline

  16. Hepatitis • Leading cause of liver cancer • Most common reason for liver transplantation • May be caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), or Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

  17. Hepatitis B Virus • Highest incidence in persons 20–49 years • More contagious than HIV • Causes liver disease, may be fatal • Transmission: sexual intercourse, blood-to-blood contact, maternal-fetal transfer • You tube Hepatitis B

  18. Practice Question A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has just been diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) on her cervix. Which of the following is the most important discharge instruction for this client? a. Take a multivitamin every day. b. Check for external lesions around the vagina every month. c. Have Pap smears done as recommended by her practitioner. d. Avoid use of the intrauterine device (IUD).

  19. Practice Question Which of the following sexually transmitted infections can be cured with antibiotics? a. Human papillomavirus b. Chlamydia c. Herpes simplex virus d. Hepatitis B

More Related