Chapter 11: Agricutlrue

1. Hey! Chapter 11: Agricutlrue By Gabe A.

2. What is Agriculture? • The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming. • Or…

3. Organic Agriculture • The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrial produced pesticides and fertilizers • The Healthy way

4. The Levels of Economic Activities • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • Quaternary • Quinary

5. Core vs. Periphery Graph • The core is rich and uses machines with little amounts of people employed • The Periphery is not and uses hands to produce and almost all people are employed G C

6. Back in the day… • Hunting and Gathering was the way to go • Those that lived near bigger sources of food grew the most

7. A little bit later but still back in the day… They started with just a club Then used spears

8. A little later then before but still back in the day… • Fire was invented by rubbing two sticks together, and the campfire became a symbol of community

9. Still there…Nomads • They would migrate to follow fish or another animal, usually chasing one animal during the spring like salmon and then another during the winter like deer

10. The First Agricultural Evolution • According to Carl Suer only happened in places of Plenty • First time people began to settle down and create their own places

11. Plant Domestication • The taming of wild plants in order to grow them for the benefit of one’s self • Sauer believed it first happened in South and Southeast Asia • Root crops were the first and they were harvested by cultivating the roots

12. Seed Crops • They came next and they involved planting a seed • Took place in more then one area around the same time • Nile River Valley

13. Seed Selection and Use • People would only pick the biggest seeds • In warmer places like south Asia they used wheat and Barley but in places like Mesotopia they grew tropical stuff

14. Old Mcdonald had a farm…Animal Domestication • Animals would be taken into communities as pets, for protection, or ceremonial purposes • When in captivity the animals lose their physical features that would protect them in the wild

15. Ei Ei Ei o…Continued • Animals were sometimes domesticated at the same time like the water buffalo • They were useful and continue to be useful

16. Places of Agriculture • Central China was one and a place in West Africa, Mesoamerica, and northern Europe • But from these places crops were spread around by people through transportation China

17. Subsistence Agriculture • Growing only enough food to survive • Practiced mainly in the periphery countries • The farmers share the land

18. Continued • Shifting Cultivation-the movement of subsistence farmers to find better land • They plant in one place and grow until there are to many people and then those people move somewhere else

19. Slash it and burn it, that’s what I want to do • Slash and burn agriculture is cutting down trees and then burning it to make a field for agriculture

20. Second Industrial Evolution Graph • Happened during the industrial revolution • With all the people moving to factories they needed to find a way to produce a surplus Surplus B A

21. New technologies and ideas • The seed drill • Trains • Tractors and other things • Fenced in land

22. Von Thünen • German raised • Looked at his town and how it was organized, then applied it to other towns and made a model

23. Model Central City Ranching, Livestock Wilderness Extensive Field crops, Grains Forest Market Gardening and dairy

24. Aspects of the Model • Based on distance and transportation costs • Not exact for all places of the world • Occurs on global scale as well with Caribbean flowers being sold in New York

25. The Third Agricultural Revolution Cool Ideas • Green Revolution • Inventions of new types of seeds and technologies that allows greater output • Cured famine from lack of production

26. Continued • Some say it failed and that it has just lowered diversity, increased vulnerability of plants and not affected everyone of the world

27. Genetically Modified Foods • Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-also known as genetically modified crops • Grow faster and have a bigger yield

28. Survey Systems • The way land is organized • Different regions use different types of survey systems • Rectangular • Township-and-range • Metes and Bounds • Long Lot

29. Rectangular • Organized in Rectangular way • Located in the entire mid west and Texas 1 Mile

30. Township-and-Range • Like the rectangular system, one mile sections are created • Can be sold in quarters or halves • Located in the mid west

31. Metes and Bounds • Use of physical boundaries to make unequal farm plots • Located on eastern seaboards

32. Long Lot • Narrow parcels of land that extend from rivers, roads, and canals • Mainly in Texas

33. Villages • People would live in the village and then farm the land outside • Farming the US or core • Farming in the Periphery • The barn is the center

34. Types • Linear • Cluster • Round • Walled • Grid

35. Commercial Agriculture • Started many years ago in the 19th, and 18th century • Mass production of one thing like corn

36. Monoculture • The dependency on one particular crop or livestock Corn

37. Koppen Climate Classifcation System • A map classifying all of the world climates • Classified by climate regions which are which are regions with similar climates

38. The World Map of Agriculture

39. Cash Crops and Plantation Agriculture • Countries owned by colonies are producing 1 to 2 crops that only benefit the government not them • Plantation Agriculture • Most plantations owned by US and European corporations • They have a lot of influence, can overthrow countries

40. Cotton and Rubber • Two of the most influential crops in the world • Industries are located in Asian countries for better work force • Outsourcing

41. Luxury Crops • The rich crops like tea, coffee, and tobacco • Brought to colonies by Europeans • Coffee production • Fair Trade • Second most valuable to petroleum • Produced in Latin America but owned by foreign corporations • Laborers paid low wages

42. Commercial Livestock, Fruit and Grain Agriculture • Dairying • Widespread through north • In North eastern Europe and us, special crops • Market Gardens • Eastern and Southeastern US • Found in small areas where climate is favorable • Mixed Livestock and crop farming • Widespread in more humid latitudes • Found in northern, and small areas of Latin America • Commercial Grain Farming • Prevails in driers places • Like in wheat farming in Nebraska

43. Italians! Mediterranean Agriculture • Takes place in areas where they have the dry Mediterranean summers • Wines, and olive oil • High prices for these goods

44. Illegal Drugs • Some crops like Opium are turned into drugs • Some farmers see this as a great alternative and chose to do it • Marijuana controlled by Mexicans mostly

45. Environmental Impacts • Fish depletion • Soil Erosion • Water pollution • Herds deplete the land

47. Agribusiness • All of the business that supports agriculture

48. Government Involvement • Governments give money to subsistence farmers to help them • Communist governments have tried sectioning off land • Collectivation

49. The Main Ideas • Agriculture is a major part of our lives and it will be for years to come • Without it there would be no business or industry

50. Fin