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Data Gathering

Data Gathering. “In science, observation (through data gathering) is a search for what is hidden, not just because it is hidden, but because its exposure will facilitate an intimate, sustained, and productive relationship with the world.” – A. Kaplan. 1. The Big Questions.

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Data Gathering

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  1. Data Gathering “In science, observation (through data gathering) is a search for what is hidden, not just because it is hidden, but because its exposure will facilitate an intimate, sustained, and productive relationship with the world.” – A. Kaplan

  2. 1. The Big Questions • How do you define effectiveness? • What are the group goals? (stated & unstated) • What are the individual goals? (stated & unstated) • What factors contributed to effectiveness? • Networks • Communication climate & skills • Decision-making style • Structural issues (make-up of the group, size etc.) • Leadership style • Other (environment, trust, etc.)

  3. 2. Overview of methods • Categorize Behaviors • Verbal • Nonverbal • Tests & Scales (e.g. Semantic differential) • Observe & Interview • Socio-metric (choice making) • “With whom would you like to sit?”

  4. 3. Decision-points • Purpose • Degree of inference • Units of behavior • Sampling (events or over time) • When to record • Recording methods

  5. 4. Special Problems • The observer • Inference-observation confusion • “Demand” characteristics • “The instrument” • Behavior-construct gap • Terministic screen • Reliability • Validity • Basic Rule - The more the burden of interpretation is placed on on the observer, the greater the validity problem.

  6. 5. Sample technique • Rating scales • Evaluation of individual participants • Post-meeting reaction sheets • Interaction diagrams • Bales IPA • Clampitt (Content Style Analysis)

  7. 6. Putting the data into perspective • Triangulation • Agree • Disagree • Neutral • Distinguishing between individual and group effectiveness • Linking communication and group effectiveness

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