Removal of pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater using UV and O 3 based AOP

1. Removal of pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater using UV and O3 based AOP By: Yaal Lester School of Mechanical Engineering and the Hydrochemistry laboratory Tel Aviv University DrHadasMamane DrDrorAvisar Tel Aviv University

2. The Problem Our objective: Determine the potential of UV and ozonebased advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), as complementary treatment, for the removal of pharmaceuticalsfrom water and wastewater • Drinking water and waste water contain toxic chemicals at very low concentrations such as pharmaceuticals and more. • Traditional treatments do little to break them down (World Health Organization). AOP: Chemical oxidation involving the production of the hydroxyl radical (•OH) Households Industry Hospitals Water Works WWTP Agriculture Rivers Groundwater

3. The examined processes UV / H2O2 / O3 O3 UV/O3 UV/H2O2/O3 UV/H2O2 O3/H2O2 UV/H2O2 UV/H2O2 OH• OH• OH• OH• OH• Pollutant

4. O3 out O3 in Main tasks Determine the potential of each AOP process in deionized water (optimization and comparison). Determine the influence of wastewater on the processes H2O2 Setup Lab reactor Pilot system O3 reactor UV reactor Membrane bio-reactor - MBR Feed Tank

5. Results – Deionized water UV/H2O2 • Creates AOP conditions ( ), thus generally more effective than UV alone • H2O2concentration is very important (scavenging effect ) Example: Sulfamethoxazoledegradation 5

6. O3 • Molecular O3 – selective oxidant • At high pH (~ > 7) may also produce OH• (O3 + OH- OH•) O3 Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and cyclophosphamide (CPD) ozonation (2 mg/L), with and w/o t-butanol) OH• Ciprofloxacin OH• Cyclophosphamide O3

7. H2O2/O3 • H2O2react with O3 to form •OH: • H2O2 reduces dissolved O3 • reduce the removal of O3 sensitive pollutants 2O3 + H2O2 2•OH + 3O2 (1:2) (1:1) CPD and CIPrate constants at different H2O2/O3molar ratio Cyclophosphamide (CPD) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP)Degradation ([O3]0 = 0.5 mg/L) 7

8. AOP in wastewater effluent Main influencing parameters Effluent organic matter (EfOM) Light screening, OH• scavenging Carbonates (HCO3-, CO3-2) OH• scavenging

9. UV/H2O2 of wastewater effluent In water Pollutant UV H2O2 OH• In effluent Pollutant UV H2O2 OH• EfOM, carbonates EfOM

10. O3 based processes in wastewater effluent In water: Product Pollutant O3 OH-, H2O2 OH• In effluent: Pollutant Product k>~103 1/s M O3 H2O2 OH• EfOM OH• EfOM, Carbonates O3 scavenged OH• scavenged

11. Two approaches: • 1. Use synthetic wastewater effluent (analyze each constitute) • Use “real” wastewater effluent (SHAFDAN) Synthetic effluent characteristics Peptone – protein derivatives Alginic acid - polysaccharide NOM – natural organic matter NaHCO3

12. Results - Removal of Cyclophosphamide by O3 in synthetic effluent [O3] = 5 mg/L (batch mode) O3 Out O3 In DO3 sensor [CPD] = 1 mg/L [TOC] = 0 – 8 mg/L [Alk.] = 25 and 200 mg/L Cooling sleeve

13. Results - Removal of Cyclophosphamide by O3 in synthetic effluent Alkalinity = 25 mg/L Alkalinity = 200 mg/L • Peptone and NOM significantly reduced the removal of CPD at high TOC concentration through their scavenging effect on •OH. • The decrease in CPD removal due to alkalinity was noticeable mainly at low TOC concentrations (TOC < 5 mg L-1).

14. Removal of TOC by O3 and UV based processes - SHAFDAN effluent O3 (dose 300 mg/L) with and w/o H2O2 UV / H2O2

15. Removal of TOC by O3 and UV based processes – Cost comparison

16. To conclude… • UV and O3 based AOP may present an interesting option for pharmaceuticals removal in water. • In general, O3 based processes are more energy-efficient. • Using AOPs for wastewater treatment, one must consider: • EfOM in wastewater highly reduce the processes efficiency. • Alkalinity influence the processes only at low TOC concentrations.

17. Thank you