Marine Aquaculture

1. Marine Aquaculture Jodie Toft and the Marine NatCap team

6. InVEST Finfish Aquaculture Model Evaluate how human activities and climate change may affect production and value of aquacultured finfish Image courtesy of the BC Salmon Farmers Association

7. Crop Pollination Water Purification Marine Water Quality Aquaculture Renewable Energy Managed Timber Production Reservoir Hydropower Production Habitat Risk Assessment; Biodiversity Coastal Vulnerability AestheticQuality Ecosystem Service = Provisioning of Food Sediment Retention Groundwater Recharge Coastal Protection Recreation InVEST Models & Linkages Agricultural Production Flood Risk Mitigation Fisheries (including recreational) Overlap Analysis What about filtration? Carbon Storage& Sequestration (Blue Carbon) Terrestrial/freshwater model: Tier 1 supporting service Optional model linkage, no sequencing Terrestrial/freshwater model: Tier 1 that quantifies service Required/optional model linkage, sequencing needed Marine model: Tier 1 supporting service Marine model: Tier 1 that quantifies service Marine model: Tier 0 Model coming soon!

8. Crop Pollination Water Purification Marine Water Quality Aquaculture Renewable Energy Managed Timber Production Reservoir Hydropower Production Habitat Risk Assessment; Biodiversity Coastal Vulnerability AestheticQuality Sediment Retention Groundwater Recharge Coastal Protection Recreation InVEST Models & Linkages Agricultural Production Flood Risk Mitigation Fisheries (including recreational) Overlap Analysis Carbon Storage& Sequestration (Blue Carbon) Terrestrial/freshwater model: Tier 1 supporting service Optional model linkage, no sequencing Terrestrial/freshwater model: Tier 1 that quantifies service Required/optional model linkage, sequencing needed Marine model: Tier 1 supporting service Marine model: Tier 1 that quantifies service Marine model: Tier 0 Model coming soon!

9. VIDEO INTERLUDE.

10. Inputs Farm locations Outputs Farm operations Number of fish, date of outplanting, ideal harvest and dressed wt. Weight of fish harvested Environmental characteristics Temperature Value of fish harvested Economics Price-per-pound, operating costs, wages

11. Growing an individual fish Weightt = (aWt-1b* temperature effect) + Wt-1 • Individual growth model: • Inputs: starting weight, a and b, daily temperature • scale by the number of fish in the pen • output: weight of fish in the net pen at the end of 1 growout cycle • valuation: net revenue – costs • Do similar models exist? Target harvest weight Outplanting weight Stigebrandt 1999. Turnover of energy and matter by fish – a general model with application to salmon. FiskenogHavet

12. Ecosystem service value: 1 growing cycle, 1 farm • Individual growth model: • Inputs: starting weight, a and b, daily temperature • scale by the number of fish in the pen • output: weight of fish in the net pen at the end of 1 growout cycle • valuation: net revenue – costs • Do similar models exist? • Weight of harvested fish = • (target harvest weight * # of fish in the net-pen) - mortality • Weight of processed fish = • Wt. of harvested fish * fraction remaining after processing • Value of processed fish = • Wt. of processed fish * (market price – fraction that is costs)

13. A complete model run: 1 farm Fallowing period 0 5 User-defined length of model run (e.g., 5 years) Value of processed fish

14. The Model in Action:Salmon netpens in WCVI

15. Value of salmon harvest (5 years) • $240,325,000 • 184,811,334 kg

16. Scenarios • Baseline: some farms fallow, some don’t • Scenario A: all farms have 4 month fallowing period, some farms removed or relocated • Scenario B: some farms fallow, some farms removed Scenario B Scenario A Baseline

17. Net present value ($)

18. Data Requirements

19. Application • What might you use this model for? • For what kinds of questions in what kinds of decision making?

20. Hands-on session

21. The Model in Action: Part 2Shellfish aquaculture in Lemmens Inlet

22. Float homes and shellfish tenures in Lemmens Inlet

23. A. Baseline B. Conservation C. Industry Expansion ShellfishAquaculture RecreationalKayaking IncreasedKayaking FloatHomes Geoduck Harvest CrabHarvest Eelgrass Guerry et al IJBSESM, in press

25. What’s next for Aquaculture in InVEST?

26. Finfish: wastes and sea lice

27. Finfish: wastes and sea lice • For use by other InVEST models: • Habitat Risk Assessment • Water Quality • Fisheries

28. Shellfish!

29. Who? • Pacific Oyster • Easter Oyster • Blue Mussel • Manila Clam • What? • Quantity, Value • of harvest • Quantity of Filtration (for use • in other models)

30. Questions?