STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage.

1. STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage. OBJECTIVE 7 Identify effective use of voice.

2. Effective Use of Voice • When a verb expresses an action performed by its subject, the verb is in active voice. • We gave the child many presents. • Willa Cather wroteMy Antonia. • Someone has erased the tapes. • The author provides helpful diagrams.

3. Effective Use of Voice • When a verb expresses an action performed upon its subject or when the subject is the result of an action, the verb is in the passive voice. • Many presents were given to the child. • The child was given many presents. • The wreck was caused by carelessness. • Use the passive voice sparingly; avoid the use of weak and awkward passives.

4. Comparison of Active & Passive Voice • Active voice – subject doing the action • Passive voice – subject is acted upon The student read the book. The book was read by the student.

5. Choose the sentence written in the active voice. • A nap is being taken by the dog. • In the morning, I will cook breakfast. • Many were struck by the honesty in the poem. • The campaign for governor was run by Janet Smith.

6. Identify the sentence that is written in the passive voice. • Jason toured Europe with a national boys’ choir. • Jamie recruited seven students to work in the art gallery. • John H. Jones, noted author, was recognized by an alert fan. • David is studying computer-assisted drafting at the technical school.

7. Choose the sentence that is written in the active voice. • Her coat was left in the cabin overnight. • The janitor will be missed by the teachers. • At 0°C, the water freezes on the lake. • A smile was noticed on Mr. Gray’s usually stern face.

8. Select the sentence that is written in the passive voice. • The key ring also held a small flashlight. • The ancient clock chimed only at midnight. • The lamp turned on when she clapped her hands. • The telephone was designed to look like a sports car.

9. Identify the sentence that is written in the active voice. • My aunt gave me a sweater. • I was given a sweater by my aunt. • A sweater was given to me by my aunt. • A sweater was given by my aunt to me.

10. Choose the sentence that is written in the active voice. • The field was sown with seeds. • Seeds were scattered all along the trail. • Johnny Appleseed scattered seeds as he walked. • The seeds were sown by Johnny Appleseed.

11. Identify the sentence that is written in the active voice. • Bobby and Chris took the puppy for a walk on a leash. • The puppy was taken for a walk on a leash by Bobby and Chris. • The puppy was taken by Bobby and Chris for a walk on a leash. • On a leash, the puppy was taken by Bobby and Chris for a walk.

12. Identify the sentence that is written in the active voice. • Four members of the chorus wrote the seniors a beautiful song for their graduation ceremony. • A beautiful song was written by four members of the chorus for the seniors’ graduation ceremony. • A beautiful song was written for the seniors by four members of the chorus for their graduation ceremony. • A beautiful song for the seniors was written by four members of the chorus for their graduation ceremony.

13. Identify the sentence written in passive voice. • The tree was struck by lightning. • Jerry carried the water from the well. • Nobody thinks the question is foolish. • She ran for three miles down the path.

14. Identify the sentence written in passive voice. • On his vacation, Roger was stung by a bee. • Olivia bought new earrings with the money. • After the walk, everyone relaxed by the pool. • All the crew headed home before night.

15. STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage. OBJECTIVE8 Determine correct placement of modifiers

16. Correct Placement of Modifiers • For clarity, place adjectives and adverbs as near as possible to the word they modify. • He only sliced one apple. (incorrect) • He sliced only one apple. (correct)

17. Correct Placement of Modifiers • A modifying phrase or clause must clearly and sensibly modify a word in the sentence. When there is no word that the phrase or clause can modify, the modifier is said to dangle. • Eating my dinner quietly, the explosion made me jump. (dangling participle) • Eating my dinner quietly, I jumped when I heard the explosion. (correct)

18. Correct Placement of Modifiers • Usually an adjective precedes the noun that it modifies. • nine boxes • large animals • brown eyes

19. Correct Placement of Modifiers • The adverb is most commonly used to modify a verb; an adverb may modify an adjective or another adverb. • sang daily • unusually clever • very rapidly

20. More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers • I played with my pet dog in my Sunday suit. (Incorrect) • I played in my Sunday suit with my pet dog. (Correct) • The dog wasn’t in the suit, but since the phrase comes after dog, the sentence appears to mean that. In my Sunday suit is a propositional phrase that should modify I, not dog, so moving it closer to I makes the meaning clearer.

21. More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers • She almost washed all her clothes. (Incorrect) • She washed almost all her clothes. (Correct) • The placement of almost makes this sentence confusing. This sentence could be misread as meaning she thought about washing her clothes but didn’t. Moving almost next to all makes the sentence clear that she washed most of her clothes but not all of them.

22. More Examples of Misplaced Modifiers • He threatened to cut her allowance often. (Incorrect) • He often threatened to cut her allowance. (Correct) • The placement of often makes this sentence confusing. This sentence could be misinterpreted as meaning her allowance would be cut often. By moving often nearer to threatened, the meaning is clearer that he threatened often.

23. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. • The chirping of the crickets kept us awake camping by the riverbank. • Looking for a way out of the traffic jam, he spotted an open alley. • Dedicated to completing the job on time, the rain didn’t keep him from laying the bricks. • Preparing for a career in medical research, biology and chemistry are his majors in college.

24. Choose the sentence that contains an error. • Leaving the dinner dishes in the sink, we went out to a movie. • Working on my paper until 1:00 a.m., I didn’t get enough sleep last night. • Throwing the baton high into the air, the majorette impressed the crowd. • Speeding across the finish line, the sports announcer praised the race car driver.

25. Choose the sentence in which almost is used most appropriately. • We almost drove to Cypress Park, but our car would not start. • We drove almost to Cypress Park, but our car would not start. • We drove to Cypress Park, but almost our car would not start. • We drove to Cypress Park, but our car would not almost start.

26. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is an error. • With his foot tapping, Russell listened attentively to the music. • As the band played into the night, the couples danced continuously. • When the music gradually wound down, the crowd dispersed. • After eventually all the people had left, the dance floor was quiet.

27. Choose the sentence in which quite is used most appropriately. • We were quite upset about the long delay before our bus arrived. • We were upset quite about the long delay before our bus arrived. • We were upset about the long delay quite before our bus arrived. • We were upset about the long delay before our quite bus arrived.

28. Choose the sentence in which quickly is used most appropriately. • On the quickly was out the door at the last minute, we grabbed something to eat. • On the way out the quickly door at the last minute, we grabbled something to eat. • On the way out the door at the last quickly minute, we grabbed something to eat. • On the way out the door at the last minute, we quickly grabbed something to eat.

29. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. • Wearing a top hat and tails, the circus starred a lion tamer. • Whistling a cheerful tune, the man walked home at twilight. • While riding through the forest, a snake slithered across the trail. • Walking along the beach, many shells had been deposited by the tide.

30. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. • The noise of the trains bothered us living by the railroad. • Damaged by the wind, the farmer saw all his corn blown over. • Having swum across the lake, Helen was ready to rest on the pier. • Checking the kitchen cabinets, the ingredients for the recipe were on the shelves.

31. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. • Filled with cheering fans, we could not find a seat in the arena. • Feeling very lazy, the hammock swaying in the breeze tempted me. • Buzzing sounds against the glass, the fly sought entrance to the kitchen. • Riding my bike down the dirt road, the wind showered leaves on my head.

32. Choose the sentence that contains an error. • When only a young boy, Tom could outrun his father. • Representing a liberal point of view, he campaigned for Sally Blasco. • Driving by on the road, the flowers in Mr. Markham’s garden dazzled me. • After my brother came home from swimming practice, he mowed the lawn.

33. STANDARD I: The student will recognize correct grammar and usage. OBJECTIVE9 Identify correct usage of commonly confused words Refer to copies

34. Correct Usage of Commonly Confused Words already-all ready altar-alter altogether-all together ascent-assent born-borne brake-break capital-capitol clothes-cloths coarse-course complement-compliment council-counsel desert-dessert formally-formerly ingenious-ingenuous its-it’s later-latter lead-led loose-lose

35. Correct Usage of Commonly Confused Words miner-minor moral-morale peace-piece personal-personnel plane-plain principal-principle quiet-quite route-rout stationary-stationery straight-strait than-then there-their-they’re to-too-two waist-waste weather-whether who’s-whose your-you’re

36. 1. Choose the sentence in which already is used correctly. • They have already called her number four times. • The team was already to get on the bus for the game. • I thought they were already for the dance before I arrived. • The band members were already to march out on the field.

37. 2.Read the definition. Then choose the sentence in which the underlined word has the meaning given in the definition. Definition: the seat of government • Have you ever visited the Capitol? • Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota. • The defendant had committed a capital crime. • When he stood on the steps of the capital, he felt proud.

38. Choose the sentence that contains an error. • I can give you two good reasons for being late. • If I lose my homework, I’ll have to do it again. • Brushing your teeth is an everyday experience. • He is taller then anyone else in his entire family.

39. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. • I’ve already had too much ice cream today. • I sincerely hope you didn’t loose your keys. • She stepped on a pebble and injured her heal. • In the summertime many teens become board.

40. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is an error. • The principal export of Brazil is coffee. • Mrs. Tanner is a woman of high principles. • His argument was based on sound principles. • The principle of our school is leaving to go to a larger school.

41. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is correct. • The Mayor appointed him a member of the City Counsel. • The new rule has effected a change in everyone’s behavior. • She bought a box of stationary at the office supply store. • The crew was complemented for its efficiency by the director.

42. Read the definition. Then choose the sentence in which the underlined word has the meaning given in the definition. Definition: a heavy metal, graphite • The club chose Clyde to lead them. • The drum major led the brand with much flair. • Lead shields can be used for protection from X-rays. • Much musical training is required to lead an orchestra.

43. Choose the sentence in which passed is used correctly. • The secretary read the minutes of the passed meeting. • Forget about the passed and concentrate on the future. • Your library book had been passed due for three weeks. • We passed the food around the table until everyone was served.

44. Choose the sentence in which amount is used correctly. • The students may purchase the amount of tickets they wish. • The amount of people present at the track meet was surprising. • One hundred dollars is a large amount of money to pay for a ticket. • A unusual amount of students were absent from school on Friday.

45. Choose the sentence in which the underlined word is correct. • Travel across a large desert requires preparation. • My decision to give away the rock collection was based holy on your advice. • Returning a captive born animal to it’s environment risk the life of the animal. • Monica earned a scholarship award, but could not attend the ceremony to except it.

46. Choose the sentence that is written correctly. • Her appeal effected the family deeply. • Except this gift as an appreciation of your kindness. • They are altogether at last after many years of separation. • The astronauts were all ready to begin their space mission.

47. Answers I-7 Effective Use of Voice • B • C • C • D • A • C • A • A • A • A

48. Answers I-8 Placement of Modifiers • B • D • A • D • A • D • B • C • D • C

49. Answers I-9 Commonly Confused Words • A • B • D • A • D • B • C • D • C • A • D